The Role of Nigerian National Assembly in the Budget Process

The budget aims to establish and stimulate a stable economy, invest in Australia’s future and provide a fairer tax and welfare system.

The biggest problem with the government of Nigeria in regard to its malpractice towards the people is the unchecked corruption. “A

Budget preparation is a process with designated groups and individuals having defined responsibilities. According to Irene S. Rubin “ The public budget process mediates between organizations and individuals who want different things and determines who gets what out of the budget.”1The Government set up an annual budget that includes people perspectives, opinions , accountability and than determine how the budget will get divided based on protected interests. Moreover, Public budgeting determines how government spend money, provide necessary resources , and limit government expenditures to prevent overspending.

What is interesting to note is the rating given to ‘Power of the Legislature to Change Governor’s Budget’ which was 1 on a 1 - 5 scale in a study conducted by Dr.Thad Beyle. This shows the CA governor as wielding a certain amount of influence in the legislature’s passing of his proposed budget, Of course, the constitution mandates that the budget be balanced and, if not, then the previous year’s budget remain effective. This already puts limitations and expectations in the budget’s formulation.

The budget process is the most important aspect of fiscal decision making in Public Administration. Smith and Lynch (2004), argues that “Public budgeting is an activity that many people view from their own perspectives and, thus, they do not comprehend the full complexity of budgeting” (p. 34). Similar to the contextual definition of complexity in budgeting process, a classic example was the State of California’s budget impasse for the year 2010-2011. This essay examines and analyses the concerns that lead to passing a late budget in the State of California. It further goes into details regarding the reasons, resolutions, and consequences faced due to the budget Impasse.

125). Preparation, approval and implementation are the main steps in the development of public budgets. First the preparation must be begin with the issuance of instructions from the executives, followed by the development of department budgets by the department managers. Once all departmental budgets are completed, they are sent to the central budget office for final review and revision before being sent to the elected officials for approval. Approval is issued by the elected officials after any necessary deliberations take place. Once approved by the elected officials, the budget is considered law and must be followed. The next step is implementation. The budget is constantly implemented as funds are released over the course of the year, reviewed for appropriate use and to verify the budget is in line with projections. Finally the budget must be reviewed at the end of the year by the budget office. A comparison is made between actual figures and budgeted figures. The information gathered in this final step is used in helping to determine future budgets (Bartle, Hildreth, & Marlowe, 2013). There are two major challenges to balancing public budgets. The many actors (e.g. CEO, CFO, department heads, staff, etc.) involved in the development of a public budget and span many departments, and many units in one department making the meeting and negotiating process difficult. Due to the many constraints of policy and the law, the budget process can be long and arduous with four steps stretched into many. These are a few of the many challenges involved in developing a balanced public

The State of Nebraska has a biennium budget that is set from 2013 all the way to 2015. Knowing what is in your budget and how to properly gauge what will be needed for the coming two years in each department is an important aspect to a successful budget. The person in charge of the budget for each department needs to know how to properly budget and respond to the needs of the state in the most fiscal way possible. A budget is only as good as the person who is running it. The Nebraska State budget is complex, but with the right amount of team work and dedication, it seems to run very smoothly.

The United States government has been designed by our founding fathers to ensure the legislative branch remains autonomous yet dependent part of the government branch structure itself. They kept in mind that the legislator’s actions will have an impact since they will be the one leading the legislative process. Now, in 2017 unlike any other places in the world, the legislators of the United States gets the authority to question and review the budget by moving way up from the policy making process. This division of the government plays many crucial roles and most importantly has the ability to influence the budget of this country proposed by the chief executive and in this case President of the United States. This paper on the legislative budget

1. (TCO A) One of our lectures discusses the budget execution stage of the budget cycle. Please identify and explain each of the major steps in the budget execution process. (Points : 25)

The Michigan Budget Process is an annual financial plan encompassing estimated revenues and expenditures proposed by the Governor and presented to Legislature for consideration and consensus. The State Budget Office begins the process by developing guidelines estimating revenue changes, federal funds, and other budget allowances. Each department makes requests, and submits the proposals back to the State Budget Office to be suggested to the governor. It is then when the governor is legally required to submit an Executive Budget within a set time constraint depending on office inauguration. The Legislature presents appropriation bills that are examined by committees, introduced to both houses where deliberation and modification occurs. Once the Legislature agrees on the bills, the governor then has the opportunity to approve or veto (Longest, 2010).

The author discuss the different acts and how budget officer worked around that time. that is soon There have been changes in Congress that affected the work of the federal agency. Practioners many years ago, we're aware of the budgeting issues. They are dealing with issues today that was a lot different from the past. Kilman claims that budget officers has become old extinct species such as “dinosaurs. Budget officers implemented strategies to help maintain a budget and to mishap technical that could result in problems later. Legislation changed in budget process has made it more difficult and heavier caseloads. There are now strict budget ceilings that have effect on policy choices. There are many arguments that explain why skilled budget officers are more important than ever in policymakers. Kilman compares old ancient officers to budget officers now. He acknowledged the change in budget process. Budget officers perspective is different than before. They are active and well alive. They explain the nature of the old-time budget officers. It is not your typical kind found in agencies. There are many differences and legislative changes have made it more difficult with heavy workloads. In many different levels of a budget officer in past still have same standard as today. The roles and time that being put into the job is different from past. It had become very difficult to argue the status is elevated or diminished. They explained some of the budget reforms enacted by Congress and the change in itself. Work and responsibilities for budget officers have increased. Budget officers roles and responsibilities have changed but not as drastically from our past work. They still carry out the traditional expectations and programs for the federal

This research essay will evaluate and judge certain parts of the 2003-2004 budget put forward by Treasurer Peter Costello and the Howard Government on Tuesday the 13th of May. It is my opinion that the budget has not been equitable in some areas of fund distribution. The budget will be assessed on the three following criteria.

Citizens of the United States are legally required to pay taxes and follow the laws of their government. Thus far, with only having four weeks of interning at the House of Representatives, I have learned a lot about governmental accounting and politics. For example, one of the biggest complaints of American people is their increasing tax rates. Every year, the government has the responsibility of negotiating and preparing a budget for the upcoming years based primarily on taxpayer dollars. There is a long process that goes into creating a budget and allocating appropriations. But what happens when a major event occurs that cannot be appropriated ahead of time? This research paper will explore the budget process and how taxpayer dollars contribute, how appropriations are made, and what happens to the budget when the nation experiences an unexpected natural disaster or terrorist attack.

The budget is the most important policy tool of government, affecting the ability to implement any given policy successfully. As such, a budget is more than the sum of its balance sheets; it is a statement on the social and economic priorities of a government. Although budgets are perceived to be gender-neutral, they are in reality 'gender-blind '. To address the differential impact of government expenditures and revenue on men and women, gender responsive budgeting (GRB) has developed as a strategy to promote gender equality and create accountability for governments to uphold their national policy commitments to women.

Budgetary cycle in Malaysia, consist of four stages which are planning, budget preparation, budget implementation and budget evaluation. In first stage, government organisations are accountable in planning the budget target. Also, they require planning activities and programs for following year with efficiency. Second stage, budget is prepared and approved. Third stage, after Parliament has been approved the budget; a General Allocation Warrant to the Accountant General’s office will issue by the Finance Minister. It is as an authority for Accountant General’s office to expend the consolidated funds required for the expenditure. Government organisations are accountable to keep all accounting records in a vote book; so that, the allocation gets control and the expenditure occurred has been account. Fourth stage, the final of budgetary process cycle, Accountant General’s Department, Auditor General’s Department, Parliament and others will involve. According to the Federal Constitution Article 106 and 107, all public accounts have to be audited by the Auditor General’s Department and must be presented in Parliament. Thus, government organisations shall be update and present all information to the Auditor General with accurately and completely to ensure that there is no misuse of public fund. Auditor General will audit, examine and evaluate the financial performance of the government organisation’s