The Role of Serotonin in Gastrointestinal Motility

Once stimulated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the integrative vomiting centre coordinates the activation of all the nearby neural structures required to produce the multifaceted patterned response that will then lead to the processing and action of vomiting. The integrative vomiting centre coordinates the various inputs to the motor component of the emetic reflex, consisting of both somatic and autonomic systems, as the reflex involves both voluntary and involuntary processes. The abdominal and respiratory musculature, and visceral components involved in mediating changes in gastric motility and gastric tone are controlled by somatic pathways, while the autonomic pathways control sweating, salivation and pallidity of the skin. The activation of autonomic pathways plays a role in the intensity and duration of the nausea that accompanies emesis, as opposed to the actual action of vomiting (myVMC,

Gastrointestinal. Client denies any loss of appetite, indigestion, any gastroesophageal reflux disease, any nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids, or weight changes. She 's not had

The function of the pancreas has a substantial part in the regulation of the digestive system. The small intestine alongside the pancreas also contributes many features to the signaling pathways protein and other major enzymes must undergo before reaching the exocytosis stage. Specific hormones and receptors help in the necessary release of such enzyme. Secretagogues initiates particular signals throughout the progression and development of the digestive system. The enteric nervous system will later address the complexity of neurotransmitters as well as intra and extracellular mechanisms.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional GI disorder (FGID) characterized by abdominal pain in association with altered bowel habits in the absence of any identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. It is a very common disorder that can have a profound negative impact on a patient’s quality of life and constitutes a considerable social and economic burden on society. Extensive research over the last few decades has led to a better understanding of this complex syndrome and improvements in treatment. After a brief review of the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of IBS, the current understanding of the complex physiological mechanisms contributing to the syndrome will be addressed. The remainder of this paper will focus

Irritable bowel syndrome is a very common condition that effects a lot of people throughout the world. While it isn’t a particularly dangerous condition, it is generally very long term, requiring treatment for many years, sometimes even for the duration of the patients life. It isn’t widely known what causes irritable bowel syndrome, but there are several factors that seem to make the symptoms worse for those that suffer from this condition; diet, stress and exercise. While there are medication that help manage the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, most people with this condition find that managing their diet, keeping stress under control and getting a reasonable amount of exercise is a good way to keep their large intestine happier than

The most commonly prescribed anti-depressant are actually the SSRIs which means selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. They work by increasing the levels of a substance called serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a chemical messenger or neurotransmitter that carries signals to one part of the brain to another. There are several aspects of daily brain function that serotonin regulates such as, mood, sleep and emotion. According to the article, “SSRIs – How They Work by Dr. Ananya Mandal, MD, “Serotonin is sent from one nerve cell called a presynaptic neuron across the synaptic cleft to a receiving nerve cell called a postsynaptic neuron. Once the presynaptic neuron has finished transmitting the information to the postsynaptic neuron, it reabsorbs

IBS occurs more frequently in women than in men. It appears in all age groups to include children and elderly, yet most patients claim their symptoms started before age 35. “Prevalence is 25% lower in those aged over 50 years than in those who are younger” (Canavan, West, & Card, 2014). There are mixed reports of IBS affecting those

As Health Harvard states it, “the brain has a direct effect on the stomach.” The brain and digestive system could honestly be considered as one system because they’re so close to each other. Also, the digestive tract is already connected to the brain via sympathetic nerves connecting from the gut to the spinal cord and back up to the brain. The two systems share neurotransmitters. Information is passed through these, such as when a person thinks about eating a nice, warm, juicy steak, cooked just right. All the person did was imagine eating the food, yet the digestive system already started secreting the fluids necessary for digestion. This connection helps someone greatly in the sense that when they shouldn’t eat anymore, their brain will them that the stomach was already filled to the brim with food, and to stop

Have you ever wondered how the nervous system controls the digestive tract? If so you’re in luck, I will be explaining exactly how that works. I will also cover what Chronic Intestinal pseudo-obstruction and peristalsis are and how they affect the human body. Additionally, where Chronic Intestinal pseudo-obstruction comes from, what age groups are primarily affected by this condition, three diagnosis and three treatment options. To wrap up this essay I will give my opinion about weather I believe a little girl with this condition was cured or just went into remission after falling into a tree and hitting her head just right.

One hypothesis suggests that bulimia nervosa is the behavioral manifestation of the underactivity of serotonin. Serotonin is one of the hormones/neurotransmitters that regulates vital functions, such as eating, in the central nervous system. It is also thought to be responsible for controlling states of consciousness and mood. Serotonin is special: its own synthesis and release is enhanced by some foods, suppressed by others, and unaffected by yet others. The effects are all dependent on nutritional content. Transmitters are also affected by not eating. The brain easily detects how long an individual has gone without food. These qualities enable serotonin-releasing neurons to control one type of appetite: that for eating the appropriate amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. However, these same neurons can cause food consumption to affect other behaviors linked with serotonin such as sleepiness and environmental stimuli. They may also allow mood disturbances to override appetite control mechanisms, causing an individual to eat unnecessarily (Winik 27-34).

The “Second Brain” scientifically known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), can be found in your gastrointestinal tract and is made up of two thin layers consisting of more than one hundred million nerve cells. It main role is controlling digestion including the release of digestive enzymes, nutrient absorption and the elimination if waste.

Constance Jones of Colon Hydrotherapy is an expert in administering colonics, prescribing holistic treatments, and everything having to do with the health of your gut. But she’ll be the first to tell you that, even today, scientists are still discovering new things about that part of our body. It is so important to understand how our gut works and affects our everyday lives so that we can treat it well and it can treat us well. To learn more and stay up-to-date on the latest breakthroughs about our insides, Constance Jones recommends the follow reads. And don’t worry, these are not your average science books!

The gut actually has a nervous system of its own – the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS controls the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder.

The large,Hollow organs of the GI tract contain a layer of muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls-called peristalsis-propels food an liquid through the GI tract and mixes the contents within each organ group. When a person swallows,Food is pushed into the esophagus,The muscular tube that cares food an liquids from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach then stores swallowed food or liquid,Mixes the food and liquid with digestive juice it produces,An then slowly empties it's contents,Called Chyme,Into the small intestine. The large intestine then absorbs water and any remaining nutrients an changes the waste from liquid to stool which is then pushed out through the

The large intestines plays a major role in storing waste before its eradication, it also reabsorbs water and maintains the fluid balance of the body, process certain undigested molecules and vitamins. The ENS is lining the wall of the digestive tract; myenteric is located deep amid the external muscle layers from the esophagus to the anus. Its role is to increase smooth muscle tone in the gut, create rhythmic contractions at variable speeds, increase or decrease contractions of peristaltic waves as well as inhibiting sections of smooth muscle that is stopping the flow of contents. The submucosal ganglia are located in the submucosa which is right under the mucosal membrane in the large intestines, this ganglia helps in absorption, contraction of the submucosal muscle and intestinal secretion