The Roles And Nature Of African Agency

“African Perspectives on Colonialism” is a book written by A. Adu Boahen. This book classifies the African responses to European colonialism in the 19th century. Boahen begins with the status of Africa in the last quarter of the 19th century and follows through the first years of African independence. This book deals with a twenty year time period between 1880 and 1900. Boahen talks about when Africa was seized and occupied by the Imperial Powers of Europe. Eurocentric points of view dominated the study of this era but Boahen gives us the African perspective. There are always two sides of the story and Boehen tells us the side less talked about informing us of what he knows.

The Nature of Ronald CoaseDecember 29, 2014The Ideas That Shaped AfricaJanuary 7, 2015 As protests in Ferguson and elsewhere have brought police militarization to the forefront of public debate, some voices suggest that reigning in police militarization requires stricter gun control laws. For example, Matthew Yglesias argues at Vox that “when civilians are well-armed, police have to be as well.” Yglesias claims, “The officer always has to worry that if he doesn’t reach for and use his own gun, the suspect will.” He further contends that the disproportionate rate at which blacks are shot by police means “Young black men pay the price for gun rights.” While “officer safety” is the common refrain used to justify police violence and police militarization,

Peebe Harry, Osaki. “Colonialism in Africa Is Still Alive and Well | Letters.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 1 Aug. 2017, www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/01/colonialism-in-africa-is-still-alive-and-well

“I know no national boundary where the Negro is concerned. The whole world is my province until Africa is free” (Garvey). These words by Marcus Garvey perfectly illustrate the spirit of unification that characterized the attitude of many people of African Descent as a direct result of the callous treatment that Africa as a whole suffered at the hands of Europeans. Europe not only ravished Africa of a significant resource in the millions of lives that it stole and enslaved. Europe also pillaged the continent with the brutal institution of colonization. The manacles of colonization inspired great suffering in the lands and lives of Africans examples include Land exploitation, labor exploitation and most significantly exploiting the minds

In Maathai's 35 years of experience, at all levels of society, she understands the context of those headlines in the media. In her book, The Challenge For Africa, she writes about her plan to tackle the many trials Africa faces. She knows the troubles are “severe and wide-ranging,” but sees realistic options for change. She became motivated with the situations at hand to create a source of organization to help her solve the problems.

First, Africa was finally given a place in the international community because of New Imperialism. For hundreds of years, an entire fifth of the inhabited Earth was excluded from the world’s most important decisions. But because of New Imperialism, they were able to

First, to understand the dynamic between Africa and the exploitation of the Western world and examination of the scrabble for Africa must accrue. Before the 1880’s European empires controlled only ten percent of the continent, but with no more land to concur on the already inhabited continents and the spread of imperialism throughout Europe the only place left was Africa. A complete and utter invasion of Africa took place, in many ways resembling the colonization of the Americas. The spread of Christian values, western government and living took a strong hold over the country, along with sickness, war, and fear. Groups such as the British, Belgian, and Dutch has already staked their claim to specific parts of Africa during the first half of the 19th century, but during the latter

The archaeological study of enslaved Africans has, in recent years, moved on from the identification of slave homes to the study of the complex power dynamics and relationships between plantation owners (called planters from here on out) and enslaved Africans (Meskell 2002:284). Through archaeological investigations, we are beginning to understand the various ways in which enslaved Africans resisted planter dominance and practiced a limited form of self-autonomy. That being said, this topic requires a certain amount of reflexivity from archaeologists as these investigations still affect the present (Potter Jr. 1991:103). Essentially, archaeologists must be carefully about how the self-autonomy of enslaved Africans is portrayed in order to avoid minimizing their very real mistreatment (Pluckhahn 2010:354).

Many complexities determine the nature of decolonization, and even the nature of nationalism, or lack there of. Nationalism was, and Shepard’s and Chafer’s theory is that it continues to be, in Africa, a direct consequence of colonialism, and the two are closely tied and possibly even correlated, although the nature of nationalism in Africa differed for each nation. Parts of Africa, like Algeria, found strong, nation-wide support towards a singular nationalist movement, where as others, like in the case of the Mau Mau and the loyalists in Kenya, found schisms within their own community regarding how the nation should be decolonized and how sovereignty should be addressed. As a result, many nations found that they upheld the same colonial structures that oppressed them in the first place, or at least worked closely with such colonial institutions. The reasons for such differences have to do with the colonial powers and how they viewed the decolonization process. Although both the French and British wanted to retain influence throughout the process, the methods through which they decolonized were vastly different. Surprisingly, even though the French found themselves in bloody conflict in Algeria, they were able to retain significant influence over their colonies in West Africa and the sub-Saharan. Just as diverse as Africa is demographically, it also proved to be just as diverse in how African nations

The history books harbor numerous accounts of worldwide and state-run human oppression. The accounts display that the want for labor often influenced the practice of coercion and violence. While reviewing the work of Dr. Delridge, L Hunter in The death of the Negro volume I, 2, and 3 it became clear that a degree of unequal actions molded a form of inferior status that shape the Negro call to freedom songs. To name the weapon with which the colonial United States of America brought about unnecessary sorrow, demands examining the floor plan of this institution called slavery. The project involves discovering how the African’s ideologies survived under European values in the United States of America. The study shows the coercive practices of the Europeans tenets that ensured the involuntary cooperation of the slave.

The scramble for Africa during the late 1870’s had caused many European nations to invest and get there hands on piece of Africa and also did this with minimal conflicts among each other. As a result, much of Africa was colonized and countries such as Britain and France had much territory and influence in Africa. Therefore, colonization led to lots of exploitations and for African countries to lose there right to govern their own country. However, the rise of independence began near the late 1950’s and the 1960’s and can be exemplified through the ending of World War II, educated African elites and nationalism. These three main factors can be displayed through events and forces that happened within the continent as well as outside of it.

Centuries of colonial rule left its mark on nearly every region of the African continent; minus that of Ethiopia, which remained independent, and free from foreign subjugation. Comparatively, the face of conflict throughout the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa, however, has evolved drastically over the last half-century.

This Declaration of Biafra Speech as retrieved on 15 August 2008 raises the issue of ‘Self-Determination’. Self-determination is the principle in international law that allows nations the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international status without external interference. The right of nations to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law, binding, as such, on the United Nations as an authoritative interpretation of the Charter’s norms. It states that nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equity of opportunity have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or interference which can be traced back to the

Modern African states have several problems ranging from corruption, to armed conflict, to stunted structural development. The effects of colonialism have been offered as a starting point for much of the analysis on African states, but the question of why African states are particularly dysfunctional needs to be examined, given the extent to which they have lagged behind other former European colonies in many aspects. In the first section, I will consider the problems with African states from the level of the state. That is, the nature of the states' inceptions and the underlying flaws may explain some of the issues that have been associated with African states today. Next I examine the development of, or lack of, civil

African socialism was one of the earliest theories proffered by many African leaders at the outset of independence. Leaders such as Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Obafemi Awolowo and Leopold Senghor all supported this concept but had different approaches to it.