INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY: Compare and Contrast the Biological Processes Underlying Innate and Adaptive Immunity By (name) Course: Instructor: University: City/State: Date Compare and Contrast the Biological Processes Underlying Innate and Adaptive Immunity In the biology Immunology field, immunity is defined as the balanced state of a living organism for instance, the human body having sufficient biological defenses to combat infection, illness, or other unwanted biological incursion, while
following the primary lesions, it establishes a lifelong latent infection in the sensory neurons (Melchjorsen et al, 2009). The immune response against HSV involves both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. They both play pivotal role in mediating the immune responses and controlling viral pathogenesis. The first line of defence is comprised of components of innate immunity, such as various cytokines, natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs), which all dispense antiviral activities
The virus penetrates the host body, weakens the immune system and can cause a life-threatening disease called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) (Masthead, 1962). The world health organization estimated that there were approximately 36.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2016 (World Health Organization, 2017). There are two types of HIV, i.e. HIV-1 and HIV-2. 95% of the infections that are spread worldwide is HIV-1 and HIV-2 is mainly seen in some West African countries. They
receptors revolutionised our understanding of how the innate immune system works, and what is the therapeutic potential? The body has two immune systems: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Adaptive, or acquired, immunity refers to antigen-specific defence mechanisms that take several days to become protective and are designed to react with and remove a specific antigen. This is immunity develops throughout life. Innate immunity refers to antigen-nonspecific defence mechanisms
is the major function of the immune system, a task essential to any organism. Composed primarily of individual cells rather than forming into organs, the cells of the immune system spread throughout the body. The immune system is able to distinguish its own molecules from foreign molecules. There a number of key stages involved an immune response; pathogen, recognition, activation and initiation, regulation, and the generation of immunological memory. The immune system of the vertebrate is divided
Biomedical Science Techniques Assignment 2: The Immune System Red and white blood cells are the two types of blood cells in the human body. Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body which is transferred through the bloodstream. It moves oxygen into the body and then removes it. They are absorbed through its haemoglobin. White blood cells are part of the immune system and help defend the body from antigens. Innate Immunity The innate immune system is effective to a certain degree. That said,
The roles of carbohydrates in biological processes--as indisputable as they are--still create a conundrum for scientists. The trouble for fully understanding their roles thoroughly stems from the “nontemplate nature of their synthesis.” This paper calls attention to what is known about the different binding partners of carbohydrates and their cooperation within the immune system, namely microbial (non-self), tumor (altered-self), and host (self). DNA and RNA can be thought of as polysaccharides with
this pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory scenario more complex3. Therefore the aim of this review is to discuss the role of host inflammatory immune response in tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease. Role of Innate Immunity in Periodontal Tissue Destruction Previous exposure to a pathogen is not required for activation of innate immune response. This arm of immune system involves oral epithelia which perform the barrier function and vascular and cellular elements which establish and propagate
Name: Hunter Marshall Period: A Innate Defenses 1. Describe and compare the external and internal innate defenses that protect us from microbes and other substances that could invade and harm the body. Answer: The Immune system is the body’s defence against infectious disease Our bodies defend us against pathogens, disease- causing viruses and microorganisms. The human body contains two lines of defence. External barriers and internal defenses both are Innate defenses fully ready to respond
receptor CXCR3 mediates gene transcription Introduction The invasion of microorganisms constantly threatened many organisms and it has evolved systems of immune defense for the elimination of pathogens in the body (Shizuo Akira1, 2006). Innate and adaptive immunity are two branches that are comprised in the immune system (Shizuo Akira1, 2006). The innate immune system is the first line of the defense against pathogens and it is mediated by phagocytes, which includes macrophages and dendritic cells (DC)