The Roles of The National Security Enterprise

Paper 1: What are the capabilities and limitations of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts?

The various things the congress must insure are being handled properly are the quality of analysis, the legality of actions, operations and making sure the needs of policymakers are met. The first method is the use of the executive branch to monitor covert action and espionage. The head of the executive branch is The President himself. The President also has the power to appoint a commission to assess intelligence topics. One of the Presidents go to is the “Gang of Eight” (made up of the Senate and House Majority and Minority Leaders, and the Chairs and ranking members of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees). The use of the “Gang of Eight” allows the president to notify only them instead of the entire congressional committee. The President also has a committee known as the President’s Intelligence advisory Board. They are used to initiate analysis activities and investigations the President deems

1. Is the "war on terrorism" truly a war? In your opinion, how has the New Terrorism affected and redefined how nations pursue warlike options?

Also to reorganize the nation's military and national security system with the National Security Act in 1947 which unified the Army, Navy, and Air Force under a National Military Establishment lead by the Secretary of Defense. The National Security Act also created the Central Intelligence Agency, the nation’s major department of intelligence. The Act established the National Security Council to enlighten the President on issues mostly related to American foreign policy as well. Though the National Security Council had many improvements to make, it was able to grow in power and prestige through the involvement in the Korean War. And through the past decades it has become of great use to American foreign policy (“Foreign Affairs”).

Second what is the proper role in oversight of strategic intelligence activities, to ensuring that the policy expressed in budget and appropriations laws is being followed, to ensuring that the will of the people and the necessity of national security is being carried out properly by the executive branch of government?

“The most important innovation of the NSA, the National Security Council, was a special source of concern for President Truman, who worried that it would become a ‘‘second cabinet.’’ (Stuart 2003) The National Security Council was made up of The President of the United States, The Secretary of the State, The Secretary of Defense, The Secretary of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and The Chairman of National Security Resources Board. The NSC responsibilities were to “advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security.” (“National Security Act of 1947" 2009) Another important agency that came out of the National Security Act was the Central Intelligence

To stay on top of the game Truman turned tot the National Security Council (NSC). The

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks was among the agencies that associated the 9/11 attacks with lack of coordination among agencies (Best, 2015). This prompted the Congress to enact a legislation that established a centralized intelligence leadership, popular as the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). However, the legislation only helped to increase tension between different agencies, especially on how to approach funding. The legislation was not clear regarding the boundaries between the activities of the DNI, and their interaction with the mainstream intelligence agencies. The congress debated these concerns and later established the framework for the working of the DNI and relationship with different intelligence agencies. Most importantly, this legislation focused on one element of reorganization, which was enhancing coordination of activities between different

The NSB originated due to a presidential directive to have a broader grasp of terrorism activity. The objective of the NSB is to have an extensive understanding of threats such as terrorist organization, and particularly the proliferation of dangerous weapon, and unlawful enterprises. Because of the nature of terrorism threats the FBI faces on a daily basis; thus, the NSB has various departments which responsible for tackling these issues at large. The (NSB) is the national security branch organization that was created by the FBI, to protect the United States against the national security threat in the U.S and abroad.

They are responsible for the negotiation of nuclear armament treaties. The main goal of the Department is to limit the manufacturing and spread of nuclear weapons, this practice is known as nonproliferation (White House). This Department has recently been in the news for a proposed nuclear deal with Iran. The deal has yet to be voted upon by Congress, but it is becoming increasingly unpopular with high ranking military officers (Washington Post).

The National Security Branch (NSB) is a service within the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The purpose of the NSB is to protect the United States from certain extortions including: Weapons of Mass Destruction, acts of terrorism, and foreign intelligence operations and espionage. The NSBs centers its focus on investigating threats against our national security, distributing vital information and further inquiries to other law enforcement agencies, and developing new competencies to keep our nation protected. The NSB is made up of the FBI’s, Counterintelligence Division, Counterterrorism Division, Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate, Directorate of Intelligence and the Terrorist Screening Center. The gives the NSB authority over the national security procedures from each of these five constituents and is in charge of the various security roles approved

The National Security Act signed into law on July 26, 1947 (University). This Act created a number of new structures; a National Security Council (NSC), a Department of Defense, a Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), and a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (University). The military was reorganized as well the U.S. Air force was recognized as an independent entity form the Army but the Navy retained its own aviation force and prevented the Marines from being absorbed by the Army (University). This Act unified the country’s national security institutions as well as provides military leaders as well as the President of the U.S. with the most current and up-to-date information needed to make informed decisions on the state of affairs of the nation in regards to other countries (University). The

The aspect of control is critical in understanding the reasons behind the N.S.A.’s motivations. On the N.S.A. website, their mission statement reads as follows: “The NSA/CCS leads the US government in cryptology that encompasses both signals intelligence and information assurance products and services, and

Thesis Statement: “Citizens of this country should value the national security more than their privacy since it is concerned with a much larger group of people in order to protect our country from invaders, to maintain the survival of our country and to prevent airing of criticism of government.”

The purpose for an IT security policy is to provide “strategy, policy, and standards regarding the security of and operations in cyberspace, and encompasses the full range of threat reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as they relate to the security and stability of the global information and communications infrastructure” ("Cyberspace policy RevIew", 2016).