The Rubella Virus

Coughing and sneezing can spread the viruses easily. Infected stool may be infectious, such as changing a diaper or children use hands to touch their stool before touching another objects and put in their mouths..

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a seasonal and yearly incidence, usually between November and April. It is responsible for high infant morbidity and mortality worldwide.. By the first year of life, 60% of children are infected, and almost 100% are infected by 2 years of age. (Saso,&Kampmann,2016). The more common age for hospitalizations occur between 2-3 months of age, and is the leading cause of infants being hospitalized in the developed world, accounting for 2 % of admissions during the winter season. (geerdink,Pillay,Meyalard,2015). The natural RSV infection in those younger than 6 months does not adequately develop a long-lasting immunological response, making reoccurrence of infection likely to reoccur. RSV is an infection that causes cold-like illness that can also cause otitis media, rhinitis, bronchitis, croup, and, pneumonia. Although RSV can cause different reactions, Bronchiolitis is the most common form of occurrence in the pediatric population. This virus is very caustic to the respiratory lining for vulnerable infants, that it increases the risk for respiratory diseases in later years of childhood.

Measles is virus with a single-stranded RNA and two membranes: a fusion protein that infuses into the host cell membrane and the hemagglutinin protein that absorbs the virus into the cells. The primary site for invasion is in the epithelium of the nares. Measles is highly contagious and very infectious because it is easily transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours and infect many people who inhale the infectious agent or touch a surface, then be introduced to a new host through touch to

RSV belongs to the paramyxovirus family of viruses. The virion encompasses a helical nucleocapsid packaged in a lipoprotein envelope attained from the host cell plasma membrane during budding. The external surface of the envelope contains a periphery of surface spikes.

Congenital rubella infection, or CRI, manifests itself as the following transient signs and symptoms: bone lesions, hepatitis, neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura, meningoencephalitis. In addition to that, some sequelae that are late-emerging with the disease include progressive rubella panencephalitis and diabetes mellitus, added on to the heart disease, mental retardation, cataracts, and deafness as defined in the past to be due to congenital rubella infection. (1) Between the patterns of immune response and virus excretion of congenital vs. postnatal rubella, sharp contrasts were documented. The enormous production and distribution of attenuated rubella virus vaccines in 1969 played a major role in the prevention of a rubella epidemic. However, even in the U.S., pockets of rubella still remain. To eliminate rubella entirely, there will be much more effort required.

by this virus and many are as young as 12 years of age. Studies show

It is difficult to determine the duration of immunity resulting from rotavirus infection and the role of recurrent exposure in preserving the protection of older children and adults against symptomatic infections. The fact that older children and adults are partially susceptible to symptomatic infections is evidence that immunity is neither absolute nor lifelong. Consecutive outbreaks or rotavirus stations among infants of infants, recurrent symptomatic infection with homotypic and heterotypic strains is common, 56 suggesting that the protection resulting from a natural infection is at least against non-serious, relatively short-lived diseases.

The Clinical features of RRV infection usually occur after puberty and have same pattern at all ages. The disease can cause rheumatic symptoms in one-fourth of the patients along with pyrexia, rash, buccal and palatal enanthems. Sign of arthritis can be prolonged for years and may be remissions or exacerbations (Claflin & Webb, 2015). Being a very common and widespread disease in Australia, RRV was reported over 6,300 cases or estimated around 77% per year during 2009-2014 (Knope et al., 2016a, Knope et al., 2016b, Wright et al., 2012). The outbreaks happen annually from January to May in all parts of Australia. This year, more than 1,000 RRV infection cases have been reported in Victoria and brought an attention for this disease to the community

The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccines are needed because when people are vaccinated, that lowers to almost diminishes the chance for others to catch the diseases and spread them through the population (CDC). In order for us to fully comprehend what measles, mumps and rubella are, let’s get a better understanding of the effects of each term. According to the Center for Disease Control, measles at the cause of fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Some complications that may occur are ear infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, brain damage, and even possibly death (CDC). As for mumps, they cause fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen salivary glands. I don’t know about you but that is

Measles, also known as rubeola, 5 - day measles or hard measles, is an infection caused by a virus, which causes a characteristic skin rash known as exanthem (Carson-DeWitt et al. 2015). This infection appears worldwide! Measles is caused by a type of virus called a paramyxovirus, which is extremely contagious(Carson-DeWitt et al. 2015). This virus is important to know about because anyone can be contracted.

The virus is described to be ovoid in shape with surface proteins, and targets cells in respiratory and nervous system. There were several points made here that I found to be quite accurate. For example, the virus is from recombinant bat and pig DNA, and has turned zoonotic. This is not uncommon among viruses, especially those that have to do with bats. It was also mentioned that the scientists working on the cases were having difficulty growing the virus in cells without the cells dying.

​The origin of the disease has been described at the end of the movie where we find out that a bat with a virus known as paramyxovirus that infects a pig. The pigs that are for human consumption were located near a forest that was being cut down. The pig in turn infects human beings of the earth through a chef. The agent which is very infectious is known as MEV-1 and its potential spread is estimated at 6-7 which suggests that the virus is highly transmissible from one person to the next. The virus has been compared to that of a smallpox virus with a mortality rate of up to 30%.

The Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body.

The fastest communication of the virus to humans were reported in turkey. Simultaneously, 1.5 million birds were killed to contain the virus. The symptoms of such a disease that the temperature of your body dramatically starts to increase followed by a cough. Then the host (humans) starts to experience a difficulty in breathing and a severe pain in the stomach most of it ends with diarrhea – a disease happens when our digestive system are not able any more to absorb liquids and minerals. A further exposure to the virus can lead to shock, the respiratory system stop working completely, and the other vital organs like liver fail to function normally and eventually death may occur.

Countries of the world do not understand specifically how people become infected with MERS-CoV, but it is believed that the virus can be passed from person to person when they are in close contact with each other, but WHO claims the virus does not easily transmit from person