The Scientific Background Of Research

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.

Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas

The blood glucose level has very limited range for humans to survive and stay healthy. Generally, people are able to remove excess glucose rapidly from the body but this is not the case when they are diagnosed with diabetes and insulin resistant situations. The lack of insulin resistance can also lead to a decrease in glycogen synthesis and storage as it usually converts glucose to energy for cell’s use (Jensen & et al. 2011). When insulin is produced under insulin resistance, the cells are incapable of using them effectively which then leads to high blood sugar level as ketones and ketoacids are produced as an alternative energy source for the body. The rise of ketoacid causes the blood pH acidic and the patient may also be diagnosed with ketoacidosis (Newton & Raskin 2004). There would also be less intake of lipid and more of stored triglycerides as the lipids are effected by the insulin. As the glucose levels increase, the muscle glucose uptake will decrease while the liver glucose production and blood fatty acid concentration will also increase within the body (Lichtenstein & Schwab 2000). Excess glucose within the blood are converted to fat which can lead to Diabetic Dyslipidaemia and furthermore to obesity, hypertension and

For this assignment, I interviewed a thirty-two year old African American male with type-one diabetes. I learned having this particular disease is difficult to manage; nutritious eating, exercise, watching their disorder, taking medication and reducing their risk for problems are usually part of your their day-to-day routine. It seems that all of this is pretty overwhelming and there are two main types of diabetes (type-one and type-two). This particular illness distresses your body’s capability to generate or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone. When your body turns the food you eat into energy, it’s usually referred to as glucose or sugar. If you produce little or no insulin, or are insulin resistant, too much sugar rests in your blood. Blood glucose levels are greater than standard for individuals with diabetes. The cause of diabetes is unknown. Genetics, diet, obesity and lack of exercise may play a role in developing diabetes, specifically in cases of type-two diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease in which the body has an inability to produce any or enough insulin which will cause the blood sugar to spike or rise rapidly. There are two different types of diabetes as mentioned The first type is type one which is when the person’s pancreas cannot produce any insulin cells at all and when it comes to type two, their body produces some insulin but due to reasons like weight or food habits, their body can’t produce enough properly. All in all, people with both types of diabetes struggle to produce insulin. “ The stomach and small intestine convert the carbohydrates you eat into glucose, a kind of sugar. Glucose is the body’s main fuel. When released into the bloodstream as “blood sugar,” glucose circulates through the body and feeds the cells. Insulin enables cells to take that glucose in.”(Teen Health and Wellness). This is important because everyone in the world has this

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases to this day. With over 171 million cases of diabetes all over the world, this disease is spreading exponentially fast. Lesser known as Diabetes Mellitus, this disease is all about the amounts of sugar in one's body. Glucose, in particular. Glucose is the powerhouse of the body. It helps run your body by transforming into the energy that we use to function on a daily basis. Whether or not one's diabetes is minor or even off the charts it can lead to terrible outcomes. These include stroke, blindness, vascular disease and heart disease. As mentioned before, the major symptom of diabetes is that too much sugar is in one's body. This is similar to a disease previously mentioned, hemochromatosis. However,

Chronic elevated glucose in blood (hyperglycemia) with disturbances metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate resulting from disorder in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (1) Expected to increase diabetic patients by 2025 to approximately 300 million people in the worldwide (2) In ancient times it was difficult to identify diabetes as the ability of patients to heal weak, the researchers think the diabetes resulting from defect in the bladder and kidneys are the cause of diabetes. (6)

Diabetes is a lifelong disorder in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar by converting sugar, starches, and other foods into engery necessary for daily life. The problem may be caused by too little insulin or the body 's resisitance to using the insulin that is secreted by the pancreas, a small organ that lies behind the lower part of the stomach (Laberge, 2011). As a result, glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed or used by the cells of the body. There are two major types of diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2.

The body must keep a healthy blood glucose level so that there is a continuous supply of energy to the cells. If the blood sugar levels fall too low (hypoglycaemia) it can cause harmful complications such as fatigue and even loss of consciousness. If blood sugar levels raise too high (hyperglycaemia) it can lead to many difficulties such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and kidney damage (S Preet, 2013). This is why is important for the body to regulate its glucose levels. It does this by the pancreatic islets detecting a change in blood glucose levels, they then release the hormone insulin into the blood stream. Muscle cells are prompted by the insulin, to absorb glucose. The way insulin does this is by binding itself to receptors on the cell membrane, thuds increasing the amount of transporters and allowing more glucose to be transported into the cells. If glucose levels fall then another hormone is released by the pancreas called glucagon. Glucagon allows stored glucose (glycogen) to be released from the liver into the blood stream and raises blood glucose levels (Amis, 2011). This process of keeping blood glucose levels constant is an example of ‘homoeostatic control’ where the rise and fall of glucose levels allows each different hormone to be used in a constant

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases accumulating together, which will then affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is the body’s energy mechanism to feed the cells and give strength to muscles and tissues. Glucose comes from the things you eat, mostly from the foods or drinks that include large amounts of sugar. “Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the US. It is estimated that 16.7 million US adults (about 7% of the total adult US population) have diagnosed diabetes. About 1 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed annually.” (Pittas, 2008) The main organ that is affected is the pancreas. With this disease, the levels of glucose are too low or too high, then insulin can be produced in the body. Insulin regulates

The body regulates the blood glucose levels by producing insulin. Insulin is a chemical messenger essential for the entry of glucose into a cell. When the pancreas fails to produce insulin that is sufficient to use, the level of glucose in the blood will remain high. If to much insulin is produced, or given through medication, the level of glucose in the blood will remain low. In type 2 diabetes the cells become resistant to insulin and ignore its message to be absorbed into the cells, this is known as insulin resistance. Insulin deficit results in decreased transportation of glucose from cells in the body, hyperglycemia then arises causing to much glucose to be present in the bloodstream (Gould and Dyer, 2011: 550). The pancreas is located

Diabetes is a chronic condition that results in high sugar levels in the body; it occurs when the body can’t produce insulin or utilize it as it’s required. Insulin is a hormone that enables the body to use the glucose or sugars from the food consumed. A lot of people have glucose levels above the usual range, although not high enough to be termed as diabetes, this is known as pre-diabetes and the risk of developing full-blown diabetes is high. It’s vital for the condition to be diagnosed early enough because it worsens when medical intervention isn’t sought. There are two types of diabetes namely:

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when an individual’s blood sugar or glucose is too high for their body to accommodate (5). Blood sugar is responsible for energy production within the body and is produced from the food that a person consumes every day. There is a hormone, called Insulin, that helps aid the body in breaking down glucose in order to make energy. However, sometimes, the pancreas (where Insulin is made) cannot produce enough,

Diabetes, often referred to as diabetes mellitus, is one of the leading chronic diseases. Diabetes is a group of diseases marked by high levels of blood glucose, also known as hyperglycemia, resulting from problems in the body’s ability to produce insulin, the body’s effective use of insulin, or both (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The food we eat on a daily basis is broken down into glucose and enters the bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, is then used to transform glucose into energy by letting them into the cells (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Therefore, insulin is very important because it regulates the blood sugar in our body. High levels of blood glucose increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, blindness, kidney disease, and limb amputation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). According to International Diabetes Federation, over 387 million people have diabetes worldwide. It is projected that by 2035, this number will rise to 592 million (Atlas, 2013). In 2012, a total of 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the United States population have diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). That’s about 1 out of every 11 people. According to 2010 statistics, diabetes is the seventh leading causes of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The estimated diabetes costs in the United States for 2012 was $245 billion, which