The Second Key Driver Manipulating The Spread Of Globalization

With the progression of globalization, commodities can be transferred to all over the world. That people from different countries can purchase the same products is no longer a dream, that also lead to the similarity between countries. Personally, I strongly believe that the development brings more negative influence to local communities than the positive ones.

There is controversy over when globalization began because there is no crystal clear start to globalization. Some people believe that globalization started when the Buddhist leader Chandragupta combined aspects of trade, religion, and military to create a protected trading area. Others believe that globalization began under Genghis Khan’s rule. The Mongolian warrior-ruler created an empire that had trade integrated into it. There are also some experts that believe that the rise of globalization was linked to 1492, the year Christopher Columbus made his first trip to the New World.

Over the past few years, human societies all over the world have established some increasingly close contacts. The pace at which global integration has been taking place over the past few years has increased dramatically. There have been many unprecedented changes in transportation, computer technology and communications and these have made the world an interdependent global community. Many multinational companies make their products and market them all over the world.

The evidence of globalisation can be seen in our daily lives, as we are being influenced by the rush of social and economic forces in which internet possibly has been the most visible aspect of globalisation and in many situations its driving force. The internet has helped breaking down barriers of communication between cultures and nations in such a way that could not be dreamed of previously. Recently, the world has been going through a period of globalization in all spheres of social life and in this process, the internet has a key role, which with the help of communications technology, has revolutionized how people expand the global knowledge base, work and provides a variety of ways to bring people and cultures closer together. The largest contributors to globalization are computers, a global telecommunications infrastructure, and the Internet, this article focuses on various aspects that internet plays in globalisation.

Globalization is the process in which a world-wide circulation of goods, ideas, and people takes place. Historically, there were two periods of profound expansion, the 15th and 16th century and 20th and 21st century. In both cases, these eras of globalization were preceded by periods of enriched thinking, sharing, and scientific revolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. This newfound age of discovery resulted in global territorial and population alterations. The renaissance spurred the discoveries of land and resources and their subsequent importance in achieving objective of western supremacy. Consequently, a wave of innovation assembled new navigational techniques and stimulated the mass manufacture of ships. The first glimpse of globalization, was the driving forces of “serving God, the King and also to get rich” and the centers were Spain and Portugal followed by the Netherlands and England (Strayer pg.621). During the 15th century, empires expanded, commerce thrived and ideas were nourished. The Industrial Revolution took old and western nations began a new round of empire building in Asia and Africa, that global network tightened further, and its role as generator of social and cultural change only increased. (Of the 19th century spurred the technological advances of communication and transportation which disbanded the barriers of distance and time.) Moving into the 20th century,

“Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations

As international business cannot make profit in a new market if remained unchanged in this wave of fast-changing globalization, localization helps them adapt to their new international markets and effectively gain the most out of this process. If localizing in the era of globalization is so helpful, why can’t countries as a whole also learn from it to better adapt to the macro-environment of economic globalization? Glocalization, as stated by sociologist Roland Robertson, “the simultaneity – the co-presence – of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies,” can be applied beyond business to reduce existing income inequalities in the world caused by disparity among countries’ development. To promote glocalization, local government should understand its country’s internal factors so that it can enact changes to its infrastructure to adapt to economic globalization and solve accompanying challenges such as increased income inequality within the country.

Globalization is a process through which different organizations connect and coordinate with people and governments bodies of different countries for the international business through exports and imports, investments using technology across the world (Globalization 101, 2016).

The rise of globalization following WWII generated three important factors that define today’s world. McNeill and McNeill agree with Pollard, Rosenberg, and Tignor that multiple economic changes, such as the creation of financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) contributed to the globalization of the world economy. Carter and Warren further this argument by claiming that globalization has caused shifts in the modern economy, namely the rise of Asian economic powers. However, all three historians agree that the rise of globalization goes hand in hand with the rise of inequality in today’s world. Gaps in power, wealth, and access to information have only widened due to the trend of globalization. The final key factor defining our world today are the ongoing processes affecting development countries. McNeill and McNeill argue similarly to Carter and Warren that the end of imperialism generated new nations who quickly realized the free market was a pathway to stability. However, Pollard et al. and McNeill and McNeill place importance on financial institutions like the IMF forcing developing nations to reform their economies to be subservient to the world’s economy. Together, these historians argue that the trend of globalization following WWII caused factors like the modern global economy, the rise in inequality, and the development of new, decolonized nations to be key determiners in the world today.

This research finds and evaluates the connection between globalization and saliency of national identities by disaggregating globalization to find the most interactive component: human migration, technological/communicative, or economic globalization. Existing literature looks at the interaction globalization has with ethnic conflicts, and some identities, but none look at globalization disaggregated and its interaction with the saliency of national identity. Disaggregating globalization is necessary to see separate ramifications from human migration, communication and technology, and economic globalization on saliency of national identities in Africa. Additionally, case studies look at countries in Europe and Latin America, but few look at the continent of Africa. Additionally, this research addresses a divergence in literature over whether national identity or global identity is growing more important with globalization.

Having good historical context is very important in dictating the needs of a state. It is essential in knowing what certain trends and cultural roots a society may have. For example, Brazil received a huge boost in its economic development when globalization first occurred because they now became a central trading hub in South America. ‘Why is Brazil “Underdeveloped” and what can be done about it?’ states, “From 1913 to 1980, Brazil experienced sustained growth, interrupted only briefly in the early years of the Great Depression, at nearly two percent per year from 1913 to 1950 and nearly four percent from 1950 to 1980. In this period of nearly seven decades, Brazil had the fastest growing economy in the western hemisphere. Per capita GDP increased over eight hundred percent, from $678 in 1900 to $5570 in 2000, measured in 1990 dollars. Brazil’s economy gained on the U.S. economy, rising from only ten percent of US GDP per capita to over 20 percent.” This goes to show that clearly there is some benefit to having yourself involved in the world market which was created as a result of globalization. Although, it is also important to note that this also had an adverse effect on them later when their global market was no longer as valuable. This article later mentions, “Excessive centralism in the nineteenth century prevented municipal and state governments from borrowing abroad, or at home, to invest in needed infrastructure, such as road, ports, railroads, utilities, schools,

Globalization is the result of... the integration among other countries involving the exchanges of goods, services, technology, information, culture and people as well. Globalization really began to take off as the demand for other countries products, goods and services to be traded with other regions around the world for their products and services rose significantly. In my opinion, the supply and demand principle has been a great influence in the result of globalization. The reason for that is because as more people/businesses wanted to exchange these things, it created stronger connections between them as well as increasing there exposure internationally. As a result, it creates an increase of networking, marketing of these goods/services in other places and expanding there ventures in other countries. This is the business perspective on globalization, however the other part is the globalization in itself that I would like to discuss briefly. The historical result of globalization is the movement of people across different parts of the world. From there travels they have been exposed to different cultures, customs and even products that they have taken with them to new places and areas of the world. This combination of borrowing from other cultures, adapting to new ways of doing things such as hunting, jewelry making or even the construction of shelter from influences of another society/culture has created globalization.

The human race is completely reliant on technological innovations. A global village is what the world feels like nowadays. The Internet has revolutionized the aspect of globalization. The numbers of people signing up daily for the purposes of Internet are increasing day-by-day. The IT experts have noted this increase and hence, the Internet service is metamorphosing at a rate that nobody had anticipated earlier.

The reshaping of countries in the latter half of the twentieth century due to nationalist endeavours has resulted in a commonality across a wider spectrum. The wider spectrum is a globalised community that is able to interact and therefore increase the ‘market’ (if you like) of foreign fighters. Urri defines globalisation as the ‘increased density of international and global interactions, compared with such interactions at the local or national level’. The CIAs forecast in 2000 predicted some of the major affects of globalisation that is present today predicting ‘Globalisation's evolution will be rocky, marked by chronic financial volatility a widening economic divide where regions, countries, and groups feeling left behind face deepening economic stagnation, political instability, and cultural alienation. This will foster political, ethnic, ideological, and religious extremism, along with the violence that often accompanies it.’ As Cronin argues the trend of globalisation is seen as westernisation, secularism, democratisation, consumerism, and the growth of market capitalism, threatens what is perceived as the fundamental elements of certain societies, not to mention the uneven distributions of wealth as a result. The gap between social groups is prime territory for foreign fighters to step into to promote the common feelings and experience of the ill effects of globalisation. The frustrations of globalisation are gathered through global interactions and are able to gain momentum in what Malet describes as transnational communities. As Malet points out citing Tarrow, transnational social movements have grown in the latter half of the twenty-first century from one hundred in the 1950s to one thousand in 2003. This confirms that people now see themselves more as a part of a transnational community rather than a local one. Transnational communities are formed by frustrated individuals and groups who see themselves marginalised due to the macro changes initiated by increased global interactions. Access to global markets and communications have further perpetuated the sustainability of transitional organisations, strengthening these communities. Global interaction have enabled individuals and organisations to

Economic globalization has become the most important feature and a general trend of present world economic development. Globalization is a phenomenon and also a process of development of mankind and human society (Hamilton, 2008). It is the essential feature of the modern age. Globalization is the cross-border flows of capital and goods, including capital, labour, technology and natural resources (Bożyk, Misala & Puławski, 2002). Economic globalization is a historical process, and the germination of it could date back to the 16th century. After the industrial revolution, capitalist commodity economy, modern industry and transportation have been developing rapidly. The world market was fast expanded and the foreign trade was