The Separation By Column Chromatography

There are various techniques to separate a mixture of compounds from each other. One of the commonly used way to isolate compounds from a mixture of two compounds is called extraction. This method of extracting two compounds from each other relies on the different solubility of the compounds in two different solvents.

Iodine-131’s atomic structure has 5 energy levels in total. The first energy level has 2 electrons, second energy level has 8 electrons, third energy level has 18 electrons, fourth energy level has 18 electrons and finally the fifth energy level has 7 electrons. The radioisotope has a half-life of 8.0 days and every half-life in the radioactive Iodine is reduced by 50%, however, the other 50% does not become part of Iodine-131 because it becomes stable. The radioisotope has 53 protons and 78 neutrons in total. It has a blackish colour to it. Its chemical form is a water-soluble salt. The nuclear decay equation is 131/53I → 131/54Xe + 0/-1E. The radioisotope’s mass number is 131 and its atomic symbol is I131. The radioisotope is a gamma and beta emitting isotope. Furthermore, the beta emission is the destructive component of the radioisotope. This is supported by the fact that Beta emission is an electron that is ejected from the nucleus which is very ionizing. The aspect also makes beta electrons very destructive to thyroid tissue as it concentrates the iodine 200x more than any tissue in order to make thyroxine which is an endocrine hormone to regulate at the rate of metabolic processes.

Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct?

Obtain a scintillation vial and label it using tape and a pen. For this part of the lab, make sure to record the mass of the empty vial using a digital scale before proceeding. Now, obtain 0.100 g of the same unknown substance and place into the vial. Record the exact mass again and be sure to take note of any crystal formation that occurs.

Due to the risks that can occur from high radiation levels, a backup plan has been developed in the case of high radiation levels. To start, at the start of the project a Geiger Counter will be purchased in order to keep track of all the radiation and determine whether the radiation ever reaches unsafe levels.

Technetium-99m is a widely used radioactive tracer isotope in Nuclear Medicine. Its gamma ray energy of about 140 keV is convenient for detection. The fact that both its physical half-life and its biological half-life are very short leads to very fast clearing from the body after an imaging process. A further advantage is that the gamma is a single energy, not accompanied by beta emission, and that permits more precise alignment of imaging detectors.

The aim of this experiment is to use separation techniques to separate a mixture containing polystyrene beads, salt, sand, gravel and iron filings.

The objective of this lab was to learn the principle of affinity chromatography by isolating a carbohydrate-binding protein from an extract of jack bean meal.

Important attributes of medical nuclear isotopes are their small half-lives. A half-life is the time it takes for half of a sample of an isotope to decay. Technetium—99, for example, has a six-hour half-life. Although short, this half-life allows enough time for testing. After this time period, the isotope will lose some of its radiation. The minute half-life allows very little time for any damage

This column chromatography is a common practice used in isotope geochemistry to isolate the desired analyte in a sample, reducing noise and increasing sensitivity. After this separation and purification, the samples will be analyzed for Fe isotopes using multiple collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS). This instrument is commonly used to measure isotopic composition because it can quantify up to nine masses at once. This limits the effect of instrument variation in biasing isotope measurements. Using sample-standard-bracketing allows us to correct for instrumental drift that can cause over- or underestimation of the amounts of each

In order to study the radioactivity of thorium, Soddy and Rutherford preformed an experiment in which ammonia was added to a solution of thorium and thorium hydroxide was precipitated out. This observation eventually led to the discovery of the radioactive properties found within the remaining solution. Both scientists then concluded that this was an outcome of a highly radioactive compound known as thorium-X. Using these experimental observations, a series of detailed testing was preformed regarding the radioactive behavior of the precipitate and remaining solution. Over the course of a few weeks, it became evident that radioactive decay is an effect of a variety of chemical reactions occurring inside the atom. Additional evidence that supported

Nuclear Chemistry is an old discovery advancing and thriving in the growing world of medicine. A radioisotope is an element that emits radiation when it decays because of its unstable nucleus. The identification of radioisotopes in the use of diagnosis, therapy, and sterilization is impeccable and life altering. Radiation has been around since the 1800’s and advances more and more every day saving lives one day at a time. From X-RAY to MRI the development of technology by radiation has significantly improved.

Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.

One of the greatest events of twentieth century was the use of radioisotope as a source of energy and as medical and industrial tools. Using radioactivity has been a global issue owing to its very nature. When it is used for peaceful purposes, it is a triumph of science because it can solve energy problems in the form of nuclear energy but the side effects in the form of harmful radiation and harmful radioactive waste is the real limitations of science. This essay will attempt to analyze the application of science in the use of radioactivity and radioactive isotopes and how science is not so effective in dealing with the side effects.

These two methods can be broken down into more detail by using Table II. A few