The Settlements Of The Treaty Of Waitangi Essay

There were numerous strategic and political reasons that lead to the bombing of Pearl Harbour on December 7th, 1941. However nationalism, militarism and imperialistic notions were key influential factors, which together contributed to the almost complete annihilation of the US Pacific fleet. Based on Japan’s nationalistic beliefs of superiority over Asian nations, the surprise attack attempted to fulfill a change in the balance of power within South East Asia and expose the vulnerability of the West.

The initial interactions between the Powhatan people and the English were, at times, volatile and violent. Each society lived based on very different principles, especially in regard to the responsibilities of individuals and gender role deviations. Each group, believing they were correct, expected the other to comply with their rules and customs, and when they did not, relations deteriorated. One subject, in particular, that these two

Treaty No. 2 was the second of the eleven treaties to be signed and established during Canada’s infancy. Also known as, “Manitoba Post Treaty”, named after a post of the Hudson Bay Company where the treaty was signed on August 21, 1871 at Manitoba Post, located on the northwest shore of Lake Manitoba. Treaty No. 2 was signed on behalf of the Ojibway by Mekis, Sou-sonce, Ma-sah-kee-yash, Broken Fingers, and Richard Woodhouse. Commissioner Simpson, accompanied by Lieutenant-Governor Archibald, James McKay and Molyneux St. John, Clerk of the Legislative Assembly signed on behalf of the crown. The Ojibway inhabit the area included within the treaty boundaries of approximately 92462 square kilometers located in central southwestern Manitoba and a small portion of southeastern Saskatchewan. Every first nation of Treaty 2 is located in Manitoba and these include: Dauphin River, Ebb and Flow, Keeseekoowenin, Lake Manitoba, Lake St. Martin, Little Saskatchewan, O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi, Pinaymootang, and Skownan.

Throughout the years, there have been many fights for Aboriginal land claims and treaties. As the English settlers didn’t see the First Nations people as ‘people’, they were usually overlooked when treaties were being signed, or when decisions were being made about them.

However, this did not come without challenge: native title claims could also be contested in the Courts as is the case with Wik Peoples v Queensland. In this ruling, the Wik Peoples controversially prevailed and successfully demonstrated that common law, in this instance, would protect native title claims despite the presence of the State’s existing land ownership. This case implicates the objectives of the Native Title Act 1993 Cth to protect native title, shown in this context through the Courts ruling native title could co-exist with the State’s holding of pastoral land8. A significant decision, which is cited to have “changed the relationship between settler and Indigenous Australians” and make its contributions to the growing reconciliation movement within Australia . However, whilst the case was a substantial indication for which rights common law would protect, it also demonstrated which rights it didn’t protect – namely, it was additionally ruled that when land entitlements are inconsistent between native title and State land holding, native title rights would come secondary8 . Thus, it is demonstrated that while previous legislation seeks to uphold the rights of First Peoples by granting native title rights, this theoretical precedent does not work

12th March 1915: The day hadn’t started out differently to any other day. I had just been out to milk the cows and feed the calves. As I was walking back to the farmhouse for breakfast, I met Dad, who had come back from the markets. He stopped the truck beside me and wouldn’t look me straight in the eye. That was when I knew there was something wrong. He wordlessly passed a brown envelope out of the truck window. “GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND” was emblazoned in bold red print across the front. My heart lurched, constricting my throat. As I opened it, my worst fear was confirmed. In small lettering it announced, “Mr Michael Jones, we need you to protect our country.”

The Shoshone Indians roamed freely on a portion of the Unites States before the 1800s, including nine northern and mid-western states. The tribes were hunter/gatherers and moved about, depending on the seasonal vegetation and game animals. The Shoshone tribe lived peacefully and happily until the US Government came and intimidated them into signing a treaty. The Treaty of Ruby Valley, also known as The Treaty of Peace and Friendship was signed in 1863. The treaty offered compensation for the damages suffered by the tribes in return for the safe passage of the gold through their territories.

In 1917, the United States entered World War I on the side of the Allies. Previously angered by such events as the sinking of “Lusitania”, American President Woodrow Wilson led the nation to war after learning of the Zimmermann Telegram and Germany's resumption of UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE! As the war came to a close with an Allies victory, President Woodrow Wilson devised a core list of points which stressed self-determination of people, free trade, and open diplomacy. Wilson believed that it could serve as the basis for a peace agreement between the fighting European nations and the United States. Going before a session of Congress on January 8, 1918, Wilson outlined American intentions and presented his ideas as the

Colonization were mostly due to self-interest and economic gains. To obtain their desired nations, scheming and deceiving was used. An example is the Treaty of Wachale of 1889. Ethiopians and the Italians signed a treaty of friendship and coexistence in which Italy agreed not to invade Ethiopia in exchange for some territories. However, later on, after the treaty was signed, Italy claimed that the treaty allowed them to claim Ethiopia as a Protectorate. Ethiopia could not conduct business with foreign powers except through Italy. Italy tried to deceive Ethiopia, hoping to be able to obtain Ethiopia easily. However, in the battle of Adowa, Italy was defeated and Ethiopia is only successful resistance to European imperial colonialism. Powerful nations will do anything in order to obtain territories in Africa as Africa are rich in resources that are beneficial to them. For the government to be able to obtain these territories with the support of their people, the government often hide their true motive and broadcast that it was all for the good of the people. Just like how British wanted to colonialize East Africa for the defense of trade. However, East Africa do not have as much resources as West Africa and the British is still bent on colonializing East Africa. “…Trade prospects had always seemed better in western than in eastern regions…Yet…the late Victorians…preferred to make the empire safer in the poorer east than to make it wealthier in the west.” (Chamberlain, Ch.

For a long time there has been a controversial and mind boggling question asked by many. That question is; How should we measure the development of civilization? In other words, why were some nations rich and prosperous and others poor. There were many theories that it could be because of resources, technology, the government and politics, location or landscape, Specialization, beliefs and religion, trade, Economy/wealth, or philosophy. During expeditions in different parts of the world, one place that stood out was New Guinea as an undeveloped country, in which the people live similarly to the Amazonians. With many years of research, not many of these apply to the reasons why certain countries/nations and New Guinea do not evolve or thrive

Shortly before 8am on Sunday 7 December 1941 , the first of two waves of Japanese aircraft launched a devastating attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet, moored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The raid, which came with no warning and no declaration of war, destroyed four battleships, leaving an additional 4 damaged in merely two hours. The attack destroyed 188 US aircraft, killed more than 2,400 Americans, and injured another 1,200 . Although remembered as “the day that will live in infamy”, the exact reason behind the attack on Pearl Harbor still remains unknown. Some believe that the Japanese were galvanized by Germany to attack the United States because of the assumption that the United States would be unable to concentrate all of its resources toward the fight with Japan. Germany desired assistance in the fight during World War II and, because of that, nearly guaranteed the United States’ defeat if Japan attacked. On the other side, it is believed that the Japanese prompted the Pacific war with the attack on Pearl Harbor in order to eliminate their primary competitor for resources in the Pacific and fulfill its destiny of creating a “greater East Asian co-prosperity sphere” .

The three sections discuss the impact of systematic dispossession of Maori land in Aotearoa New Zealand during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The first section, Wynyard draws on Marx’s theory of primitive accumulation. Primitive accumulation in the New Zealand context is perceived as an alienation of Maori land for colonial settlers. Likewise, it represents a countless amount of force, fraud, and oppression towards Maori in order to operate a capital accumulation. In other words, it is a form of cultural theft in stealing Maori lands and resources (Heim, 1998). Thus, primitive accumulation causes indigenous Maori left with nothing besides selling themselves as labor to work for the European civilization. This concept is similar to how capitalism was formed in the early colonization in Europe through the same progress of stealing the land and the development of agriculture. The second section, Wynyard covers the case of the Native Land Court where he titled the section as the Theft made legal. The Native Land Court is an intention of freeing up the so-called Theft in obtaining legal act through creating the law in a way to benefit the settlers. The main mean of this act is to maintain the system of British law. This law is launched to completely destroy and ignore the Maori laws through establishing courts, institution and land acts that permit them to

In the beginning of the 19th century, almost all New Zealanders were considered to be Maoris. The Maoris made up nearly the whole country, with a population between 100-120,000, while the European population was down in the hundreds. In 1818, the Musket Wars resulted in the loss of over a fifth of the Maori population, at least 20,000 dead and thousands more captured (“Overview of NZ”). The Musket War was a war that began when the Europeans introduced their advanced technology and muskets into New Zealand. The Musket Wars were a series of inter-tribal wars caused by tribes all trading to obtain muskets. At the end of the wars, in 1830, a new conflict for the Maori population took rise when “warfare gave way to economic rivalry” (“The Musket Wars”). From 1830 on, Europeans would come to New Zealand in waves of hundreds and thousands of people, threatening the Maoris’ once complete control over the land. This brewing economic rivalry was what paved the way for the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand’s founding document. This treaty was interpreted differently by the English and Maoris, something the British had purposely done. The British plan to deceive the natives resulted in both land and governmental conflicts. Land disputes caused by the treaty’s misinterpretations between the Maori people and the settlers sparked the New Zealand Wars in 1861-1870. At the end of these wars, new laws were passed that nearly abolished Maori rights. In 1896, New Zealand was no longer a Maori

New Zealand 's constitution is very unique and is the base of our legal system. The constitution is unwritten allowing a variety of elements that make up our constitution some are; constitution conventions and statutes. New Zealand 's constitution structure is separated into three branches; the legislature, judiciary and the executive . The executive is the decision making branch, it is believed that the executive is where the real power of parliamentary supremacy lies, as the decisions they make influence the process of legislation . Throughout this essay I will emphasise how statutes are more important and effective in contrast to constitution conventions.

Te Tiriti o Waitangi is an agreement made between groups of people representing the British crown and Māori chiefs in 1840 (Orange, 2004). The Treaty of Waitangi has four elements: kawanatanga, tino rangatira, oretitanga and tikangatanga. This essay will focus on oritetanga element of the treaty in relation to socio-political contexts and social justice with examples. It will then go on to the current views of Maori in health experiences in relation to existing clinical and community health/disability services. It will then apply the knowledge of Maori health to everyday professional practice. Finally, this essay will have a brief discussion of nursing practice in relation to oritetanga.