The Shrimp Controversy

Method of pathogen introduction to a non-pathogenic environment includes brood stock, Aquaculture feeds and equipment. But the main method of disease introduction is due to movement of contaminated animals. Assessing of the antimicrobial use is a difficult task due to more than 200 aquatic species are

In the food industry there have been many issues and processes that have brought a large amount of question to the industry overall, like the meat packing process in its early stages. I can 't think of a more heated issue in the last few passing years then the controversy over Genetically modified organisms in the food industry. Some countries are for it some are against it. Many sides will argue that genetically mutated organisms (GMO) are bad for the food industry while others will argue the opposite. While genetically mutate organisms have proved to provide many positive uses on today 's earth the question still remains the same are GMO 's good for us, the environment, or at all. Also if they yield more negative

Find areas with the highest concentration of Experientials, use a different menu, and start remodeling and renovating restaurants in that area first.

After receiving feedback on the research proposal and discussing the topic during office hour, I reviewed and re-decided my focus on the topic. My original research proposal was simply discussing the Chinese shark fin business chain and its cultural identity. Through further discussion and research, I came to realize that the controversy of the shark fin is also a significant part in contemporary China.

Today in the United States it less common for individuals to get sick due to foodborne illness than it would have been in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. A significant reason for the decrease in the death toll of Americans is because the establishment of The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA was founded in 1862 by President Lincoln, and within fifty years the FDA was founded in 1906 when the Pure Food and Drugs Act was passed.1, 2 Since their establishments, the USDA and FDA have both expanded their jurisdictions in attempt to make the food system safer for Americans.

Intermediate precision was measured on a sample of Trazodone hydrochloride from the same lot used for repeatability measurements. Six preparations of 1000 ppm Trazodone hydrochloride raw material was prepared by analyst A (Eyup Zengin). Analyst A injected the six solutions of Trazodone hydrochloride raw material into Instrument 1 (S/N: XXXXX) on September 20, 2014 at 9:00 a.m. Six preparations of 1000 ppm Trazodone hydrochloride raw material was prepared by analyst B (Syed S). Analyst B injected the six solutions of Trazodone hydrochloride raw material into Instrument 2 (S/N: XXXXXX) on September 27, 2014 at 9:00

There are three main classes of detection of antibiotics in food products. The detection of antibiotics in food is an ambiguous field, where not much is known.

The present study was aimed at the analytical method development and validation for estimation of Aminexil and Minoxidil in Topical Solution.

Antimicrobial resistant bacteria in seafood are a major public health concern worldwide. Reports on use of antimicrobials in aquaculture and residue findings in the products have indicated food safety threat to the consumers. In aquaculture, the use of wide array antimicrobials leading to development of bacterial resistance, use of resistant probiotic resistant strains and contamination of resistant pathogenic bacteria e.g. Salmonella spp. as input have facilitated to development of pool of resistant bacteria. Indicator bacteria are a useful tool to monitor antimicrobial resistance in any animal originated products. E. coli and Enterococci have been proven useful bacterial indicators in livestock and other animal husbandry practices

The internal standard solution with a concentration of 100 μg/L was diluted from an Internal Standard Mix purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, Connecticut, USA) and used to determine the concentration of target compounds by calculating the response factor, noting that the selected internal standards were stable and similar to the analytes and would not interfere with the sample components. The surrogate standard solution was prepared at 10 mg/L for nitrobenzene-d5 and p-terphenyl-d14 for performing the quality control function, since its recovery rate was used to evaluate the efficiency of the analytical method. The organic solvents, of analytical grade, were purchased from J&K scientific LTD (Beijing, China).

Contamination by bacteria and foodborne disease is one of the most widespread problems these days. Determination of microbial population is among the most fundamental procedures in microbiology and the quantitative determination of microorganisms is critical especially in food microbiology procedures to ensure safety of consumer. Numbers of potentially hazardous microorganisms from effects of the whole food product process can also be obtained from microbiological challenge testing or predictive microbiology. The current techniques which are widely used are viable count, total cell count and turbidometry.

According to the given research case, Australia’s department of Agriculture has found residues of antibiotics after an inspection service in imported shrimp and basa catfish consignment from Vietnam. The Australian government is concerned that local population might increase the risk of infection resistance as the result of ingesting fish produces that contain antibiotics residues. Thus, Australian government wishing to place a ban on all import fish from Vietnam unless the importer can proves that all import fish products are free of antibiotics debris. With anticipation of World

2000). Efficacy of antimicrobial use to prevent diseases has raised many questions, as a lot of research has been conducted in the development of antimicrobial inhibition of pathogens (Nomoto 2005). However, “the use of antibiotics in aquaculture also constitutes a threat to human health and to the environment” (Alderman and Hastings 1998; Cabello 2006). In addition, residues of antibiotics in aquaculture products can lead to human health problems and can exacerbate problems of allergy and toxicity by altering gut microflora (Cabello 2006).

Four different bacterial strain were used as indicator microorganisms for testing antibacterial activities were following: Two Gram-Positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aurus ATCC 25923 & Staphylococcus ATCC25923) and two Gram-Negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC25922 & Salmonella enteritidis ATCC14028). All were American Type Culture Collection. These strains were provided by the Food Microbiology laboratory University of Karachi and commercial laboratory (Food Microbiology) SGS, Karachi. Stock cultures were

The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise and selective stability-indicating gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of Ofloxacin (OFL) and Cefixime (CEF) in pharmaceutical formulation in presence of degradation products. The chromatographic separation of Ofloxacin and Cefixime was achieved on Shimadzu LC-20AT series HPLC having C18-ODS bonded column (250 ×4.6 mm, 40 °C, 10 μL) using UV/Visible detector at 276 nm. The optimized mobile phase was consisted of a methanol: phosphate buffer (50:50) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention times were 4.799 and 1.602 min for Ofloxacin and Cefixime respectively. The proposed method provided linear responses within the concentration ranges 5-25 µg/ml for Ofloxacin and Cefixime both. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found to be 0.0259, 0.078 µg/ml and 0.0206, 0.062 µg/ml for Ofloxacin and Cefixime F respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness. The studies data revealed that developed method was convenient, fairly reliable, sensitive, less expensive and reproducible.