The Signal Data Obtained Through The Measurement Phase

Location is the spot or setting of an area. There are two kinds of location: exact and relative location. Exact location is where in latitude

If they do not, but are within the acceptable margin of error of ±20√4=±40’’, each angle is corrected to create a sum of 360˚. For this project, the angles added to 360˚ 00’ 10’’. After each angle is corrected, angle 412 is 78˚31’03’’, angle 123 is 99˚01’23’’, angle 234 is 92˚32’21’’, and angle 341 is 89˚53’13’’. After using the Total Station, the Auto level is used to measure the elevations of each point. The known elevation outside of Powell is 380’. The Auto level is placed between each point to measure the backsight and foresight. Once all the points are measured, all the backsights and foresights can be measured with the difference taken to find the error. With this project, the error was -0.128’. Next, the pacing between each point must be taken to find the correction for each elevation with the equation, (distance from known elevation/total level network distance) X total error. The total pacing for the project is 235 steps with a pace of 2.31 feet per step. After the corrections, point 4 is 379.384’, point 3 is 378.182’, point 2 is 379.093’, and point 1 is 379.645’. A transit is used to find the true north from the magnetic

At the time, microwave landing systems, or MLS, were due to replace instrument landing systems, and theorists recognized the possible benefits that could be attained from implementing controls through the GPS systems (Moxon, 1992). Because of the relative cost-effectiveness of these systems and the fact that satellite positioning systems allowed for a greater degree of flexibility in navigational assistance, it was believed that GPS could aid in precision landings (Moxon, 1992).

3. What is a distance determination? How is this done? A distance determination is the process of estimating the distance between where a shot is fired and its target. This is often done by looking at the patterns of powder residue and the shot pattern.

taxis or buses sending their position obtained via GPS) as well as approaches relying on location information of mobile phones obtained from real-time location databases of the cellular network operators.

Absolute location and relative location are the two types of location. Absolute location is latitude and longitude for global location or a street adress for local location. For example The Leaning Tower of Pisa is approximately 43 degrees north latitude and 10 degrees east longitude (global location). The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania ave (street adress). Relative location is location based on landmarks, time, direction, or distance. I use relative location often in my everyday

Tivonne, you are absolutely correct when discussing GPS for tracking semi trucks with materials. A local trucking company that hauls materials to our facilities, calls our shipping and receiving departments when their trucks GPS indicates they are within 15 to 30 minutes away. This is helpful for our employees to be ready with paperwork, crews to unload, and fork truck/crane to remove cargo. This phone also can alert the individual who ordered the materials, so they can inspect on the dock to accept or decline cargo. If the materials fails visual inspection, the cargo can stay on truck to be sent back.

This simplified 2D example will demonstrate how GPS uses trilateration to pinpoint an unknown location. Once a receiver has "locked in" onto a satellite, the unknown position may be anywhere within the radius of 1000 km of satellite one. The receiver picks up a signal from a second satellite and calculates the range as 1200 km. The position has been narrowed down to two positions; where the ranges intersect. If the receiver picks up another satellite, the unknown position can be found by calculating where all three distances are possible.

The GPS unit displays a clear graphic of an overhead map of the hole. Many GPS units display 100, 150, 200 and 250 yardages from the center of the green. In addition, several touch screen units allow you to touch any point on the map and display the a precise distance to a specific position along with a distance to another point on the hole.

The first thing I wanted to do was to estimate the approximate distance of which the

Location tells us where a place is on a map which could tell us about the resources that place has. There are two types of location relative and absolute. Absolution location tells you the exact longitude and latitude of a place. Relative location is where a place is in relation to another place. For example the absolute location of hawaii is 21.3114* N and 157.7694* W. A example

There are 24 satellites that circle the earth every 12 hours. These satellites are split into six groups of four and each group creates an orbital plane. These six orbital planes allow the satellites to move in a way that covers the earth completely. GPS satellites transmit signals to equipment on the ground. An example is a GPS receiver (GPS receiver can only receive the signals form the satellites but they can’t transmit any signals). The receivers work best in an open outdoor area where there is a clear view to the sky. At any time there are always four visible satellites. The GPS receiver can calculate how far each satellite is based on the time it took the signal to reach the receiver. Using the distance from each satellite that the receiver calculated it could then use a process called trilateration to pinpoint the location of the receiver [1].

Consider the case of a lightning followed by a thunder. A few seconds after seeing the lightning we hear the thunder. If we know the time taken for the sound waves to travel from the lightning place to the listener, we can calculate the distance between the listener and the lightning place. Similar principle is used in the working of GPS.

In the previous chapter, we introduce about the indoor positioning system techniques and the research directions. In this chapter we will describe the basic theory related with the navigation and pose estimation systems for example, the coordinate system, the dead-reckoning method, the characteristic of Wi-Fi radio signal propagation etc. For all of the basic ideas are very important thing to understanding the configuration of our research as follow;

Mobile mapping system (MMS) is a high-accuracy mobile 3D measurement system. It is usually fitted with a range of photographic, radar, laser, LiDAR and a few remote sensing systems. It can acquire precise 3D position data including buildings, road shape, signs, guardrails, characters printed on roads, manholes, and the roads surrounding the building while the vehicle is travelling efficiently. An integrated unit containing a Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna, IMU camera and laser scanners is mounted on the roof of the vehicle and the vehicles are normally equipped with six five-million-pixel high definition cameras with wide fields of view covering every direction. Besides that, a total of four laser scanners are needed to obtain an