The Situation And Discourse Of The Ottoman Empire

The motto of the Indonesian family planning program has a great impact on the struggling individuals in the Indonesian society. It states that with two children, "We are a happy and prosperous family" (Hartmann 60). For a poor landless and unemployed family, however, limiting fertility is a hardship and does not promote happiness and prosperity. Poor families thrive on large families because it creates more workers and therefore, more earned income for the family. Supporters of the Indonesian family program contend that governmental pressure is necessary in order to get individuals to use the right means of birth control. In the long-run, the Indonesian Government believes they are only creating benefits for the families' lives because eventually, individuals will develop their own personal motivation to use contraceptions.

Abortion continues to make a profound impact on public policies and remains one of the most controversial debate of our time. Though abortion continues to be a debate, it was not always a problematic one. Abortion has been present throughout history dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Greek and Roman. Before abortion became a crime in the 19th century, abortion was a womans choice. “Before abortion became the object of law, it was a subject of everyday life” (Roe v Wade BOOK p. 11). From early civilizations to today, abortion was and may still serve as a form of birth control. It has been observed that through abortion those of upper class avoided “unwanted childbearing and the lower classes used it to limit family size when 1 or more child

The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman, raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman."

The Ottoman had several scenes of decline and each one had marked their history and are linked with it so I will explain each one. The armistice of 1918 ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but didn´t bring stability or peace to the region. The British controlled Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia.

The Ottoman Empire, during its peak, was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world, where the empire lasted from the fourteenth century until the early twentieth century. The Ottoman Empire stretched from North Africa, Arabs states, and the Balkan. However, just like any great empire, the Ottoman Empire would eventually experience significant problems and potentially lead to its decline as a great power in the European and Asian continent. In order to combat the decline of the empire and bring back their strength in comparison to the European powers, the Ottomans started a period of reform, known as the Tanzimat (1839 – 1876), which means reorganization in Turkish. There were major reforms developed for the empire, but whether they were truly effective is still debated.

One of the most important events of the history was European expansion into the new world. Traditional Feudal societies collapsed under the weight of demographic and political changes during Eurasia experienced Mongol expansion and Black death. There was sociopolitical and religious conflict between states and reconsideration of traditional knowledge and institution. The social and intellectual revolutions in Europe can be considered provocative and subversive. Revolutions in the European society encouraged each other incrementally rather than remaining isolated and produced systematic and lasting changes in the European society.

The AMA made the reproductive rights of women into a political catastrophe. Utilizing legislative tactics, they pushed out the healers, midwives, and herbalists from the scene. Also, the AMA and the government sought a decrease in immoral activities if contraceptives were allowed to stand. In turn, they wanted them banned. In this paper, we will talk about all of the intricacies that went into the topic of women’s reproductive solutions in the Nineteenth Century. Women, Men, and the others that ran the countries overseeing their citizens all had specific agendas that sought to solve the problems faced by conception.

Birth control commonly referred to, as fertility control and contraception are devices that are used as a precautionary measure against pregnancy. Substantial evidence proves that there are varieties of birth control methods that have been in existence since the ancient times. In the 20th century, birth control methods have been improvised and advanced to facilitate safety and effectiveness. The purpose of this term paper is to provide three world arguments for birth control and two against the use of contraceptives.

In class, we have been discussion current controversies around the use of emergency contraception for women. Women’s reproductive rights are one of the most influential human rights battles facing our society. Women’s reproductive rights activists state that women should be allowed emergency contraception, because it declines the rates of abortions and is a staple for women’s health and independency. Opponents of emergency contraception declare it is against their religious beliefs because it causes abortions (). The article, “Crisis of Conscience,” which we discussed in class dives deep into this issue and provides a logical progression of the different areas cornering religious freedom of expression and human rights.

Likewise, Ottoman sultanate’s traditions of reproduction also translated into 19th century Istanbul. Much like the royal concubines before them, after marriage, the role of women in Istanbul was still to give birth to children and raise them to be successful adults. With a fertility decline in Istanbul in the 19th century, it became more significant for women to give birth to her husband’s children. Duben and Behar states that pronatalists in Istanbul associated children with the future in hopes of increasing fertilities. Hence, there is resurgence in the role of Istanbul women as mothers and caregivers. Women were heavily encouraged to give birth to children in order to sustain the future, which is clearly reiterated in the journal Kadınlar Dünyasi: “The purpose of marriage is the future…Family means nation (millet), nation means family.” Additionally, like the concubines, it is through birthing and raising a child that a woman gains power – in this case represented through citizenship. In the journal titled Rights, Reproduction, Sexuality and Citizenship in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, Ruth A. Miller suggests, “motherhood [was] made identical to citizenship.” Miller argues that through birthing and raising a child, a woman confirms that she is a beneficial citizen in the society that is given “not a partial granting of rights but a full granting of rights, not an incomplete acquisition of civic identity but a

For a long period of time and even until now, contraception and abortion represent controversial topics in the context of Islam. In fact, some people support contraception and abortion because of freedom of choice while others maintain the opinion that they are at odds with God’s willingness for reproduction and bringing new lives. However, in his book, Sex and Society in Islam, Basim Musallam argues and supports the claim that Islam permitted contraception, in particular the practice of coitus interruptus and abortion to a certain extent. Indeed, he gathers several scholars and jurists’ opinions as well as biological evidence to show that Islam did not oppose the practice of coitus interruptus and that God’s power was not defied in

The greatest contribution of the Ottoman Empire to world art was in architecture. Although they contributed greatly to the art of architecture, textiles played a big role too. The spread of the textile industry was closely related to the silk trade with China. The textile trade was essential to the economic health of the entire region and an important source of tax income to the governments involved. Iznik tile production started to grow around the mid-sixteenth century and was encouraged and run by court commissions. It was the main production center of underglaze painted tiles, but the city of Kutahya started to thrive in the seventeenth century. Archive documents show the existence of a certain number of kasigeran (tilemakers) at that

Today, there are virtually no multinational states remaining and one would be hard-pressed to find a government that has remained in place since the pre-World War I era. In that sense, it is highly unlikely that the Ottoman Empire could have survived the tumultuous 20th Century. Nevertheless, it may have had a chance. If not for European intervention, Ottoman reforms may have succeeded. However, even with those reforms, they had to compete with the rise of nationalism, which would have been difficult.

The rise of the Ottoman Empire started in Turkey and spread through most of the Middle East. Their military practice and successful transition to the use of gun powder made them one of the most successful ruling bodies in the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire which ruled until modern times had great influence on the Middle Eastern world. Their political and economic abilities astonished the western world. Their religious views and fears were instilled into any non-Muslim and helped the western world to find new trade. The rise of Christianity in the western world provided new ways to preserve the dead and ended the need for frankensence, the main export of the Ottoman Empire. This

The Governments notions of modern family differs from the local’s traditional ideals of family .In order to change the local culture from having traditionally larger families for social security, to smaller ones, governments implement a national family planning program. Family planning programs are most commonly applied to areas with high birth rates such as China, India and java in Indonesia, in attempt to lower population, however, in the case of Greece’s family planning, it aims to reduce women’s abortion rates. In many countries, governments have ulterior motives for reducing population, some are positive, aiming to increase women’s health but most commonly the case is that families only provide economical benefits and development for the country. A decline in population means that the government can invest more “per capita in education and health, thus creating the human capital for sustained economic growth” (S. Sinding, 08). The Government “planned population numbers in the same way it planned the production of goods” (Anders, 2014), which resulted in physical and emotional turmoil for families across the world.