George Gerbner’s article The Social Anatomy of the Romance-Confession Cover Girl discusses the contrast between the image of the cover girl and the verbal context surrounding her. He also discusses how this contrast successfully fulfils the editorial and distribution requirements of the magazine. Gerbner’s experiment explores how the alteration of the cover affects the perception of the cover girl.
This review will evaluate the results and findings of Gerbner’s experiment, assess the way the cover girl is used to sell the magazine, and explore the purpose of the cover girl. This review aims to support Gerbner’s idea that the cover girl is indeed a heroine.
Gerbner’s main argument was the juxtaposition between the image of the cover girl and
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The use of a beautiful cover girl who is shown to be engaging in “shameful” behaviour, helps these working class women feel better about themselves, because even this seemingly perfect and beautiful cover girl is engaging in such behaviour. In psychology, according to Leon Fastinger’s (1954) social comparison theory, this is known as upward social comparison. This is when someone compares themselves to people who seem superior to them,” () In the case of a working-class woman and the cover girl, negative upward comparison would apply. Although the working-class women are looking up to the cover girl, they are looking up to her in a negative manner. According to Bianca N. Loya, Gloria Cowan & Christine Walters (2006), women are often hostile towards someone who is more attractive than them and thus, display negative social comparison.
Conversely, positive upward comparison could also apply, as some women may see the cover girl as a symbol of the feminist movement, which will be further discussed below.
The cover girl is sexualised through the verbal context. She is portrayed as an innocent and naïve
The sexualisation of the cover girl could also be seen as a form of feminism. Although Gerbner labels the cover girl a “heroine”, he fails to mention this. By using a model that fits the stereotypical description of what society would deem as an ideal woman, (one who is innocent, naïve and wholesome) in contrast to the verbal context that tells of the “scandalous” acts she has engaged in, women could be liberated from the expectations of society. ____________ says
Through the media society puts out high standards and expectation on women to adhere to what they say is beautiful. Making women judge mental and self consciousness about themselves and even judging other woman in a split second. In the book Mrs. Breedlove speaks on the affect the movies had on her,”She was never able, after her education in the movies, to look at a face and not assign it with some category in the scale of absolute beauty, and the scale was one she absorbed in full from the silver screen” (122). This explains how the media can cause society to be judgmental among their peer and categorize them as either beautiful or ugly. Giving society room to isolate and antagonize the ugly and adore and idolize the beautiful.
Are women having more expectations tacked on that include more than beauty, such as a marriage, a family, or a career? Or are women still only expected to be humble yet beautiful? Deborah Tannen and Susan Sontag tackle these issues of women’s beauty expectations in their respective articles “Marked Women” and “A Woman’s Beauty: Put Down or Power Source?” Tannen tells of her story in realizing how, in society, “[women are] marked [by nearly every aspect of their appearances, whereas men, for the most part, are] unmarked.” Sontag explains how beauty has transformed throughout time to only include women and carry negative connotations. These two women analyze these similar issues in rather different ways, however. They utilize different
The sources utilized by Walkowitz (1992) present the changing notions of gender identity in Victorian society, which evolved from tabloid news articles about child prostitution. An article by W.T. Stead in 1885 defines the important use of primary media sources that challenged the stereotypical notions of female identity in relation to the dominant patriarchy of Victorian society. Stead’s article entitled” “Maiden tribute to Modern Babylon” Walkowitz (1992) defines the intense conflict between masculine and female identity in the way it empowered women to fight against men who hired girls for prostitution: “Interspersed among these sensational accounts were “realist” stories from life” of young girls drawn into the London Labyrinth.” These tabloid “stories” are used by Walkowitz (1992) illustrate first-hand accounts of the ruination of children, the capture of virgins, and the
Feminist ideas are used throughout this story in both explicit and implicit ways to help describe the gender roles placed upon females in the 1950s. “That figure was a garish blond showgirl, a Hollywood ‘sexpot’ of no interest to intellectuals”. (Page 79) The author explicitly includes the
In this essay Margaret Atwood starts off the writing essay explaining how the female body is a topic of interest recently. She goes into further detail and personifies the word topic into her human body. Each paragraph has different points to be pointed out in her writing so she numbers her paragraphs along with her points. She goes into concrete descriptions of her daily routine such as rubbing her “topic” with a towel and having her “topic” feel like hell. She then goes onto the second paragraph where she analyzes the stereotypical female accessories such as a nose ring, veil, and brassier with many other types of accessories.
We are together but have been created physically different, we are equal when it comes to our rights to live, air, water yet not the same in certain issues. Both sexes are,“deeply ingrained in the codes of our society.” Stereotypes imposed on us by the society has shrewdly manipulated or brainwashed us into believing that being told how to comport ourselves and be is rather a liberation, not oppression. Unfortunately, we are unconscious of this conspiracy when trying to look and behave like those individuals we see in the media or magazines. For women, in particular, the assumption is that we wear beautiful clothes such as dresses and skirts, reveal some skin to attract men, wear makeup and keep our hairs long. Two different images of Grace Jones will be the source of comparison in this essay to illustrate gender stereotypes placed on women.
Thus, he treats her like a child and “laughs at [her]… ” and calls her a “‘...little girl’” (Gilman 90, 94). For these two female characters in “A Rose for Emily” and “The Yellow Wallpaper”, their struggles are a direct result of male dominance, and their coping mechanism escorts them away from the world that devalues them.
“Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt”, an article by Jean Kilbourne bitterly rags on sex in advertisement. It goes into detail to describe how companies have become increasingly more likely to sell sex in advertisements for products that, in reality, are entirely unrelated. Kilbourne focuses primarily on how this is harmful to society- especially women and children and how they are viewed by men, though men may also be targeted if not nearly as frequently. In a similar article called “Taking a Bite Out of Twilight”, Carmen D. Siering shares her disapproval of the popular novel adored by so many: Twilight. Represented by the iconic red apple held in a women’s palm with a sinister black backdrop, Twilight is a modern fairytale where the prince belongs to a monstrous society of blood-sucking models, and the princess is your average, plain-Jane highschool girl with a knack for getting into trouble. Siering’s opinion is most basically this: Bella is objectified and downgraded in the Twilight series; a character created solely to compliment the plot propelled by male characters. Where the majority of the population sees an aching, beautiful and dangerous romance, Siering sees a controlling relationship and a dull female lead. Kilbourne’s article brings to light how Siering’s article, directed at Stephenie Meyer’s readers, is so accurate with the the recommendation that everyone become more aware of the messages they are absorbing from media as it snakes its way into society’s
Wolf discusses the effect that these standards are having on women in the workplace. A woman’s beauty, or lack of it, can be used against her. In 1986, Mechelle Vinson lost a sexual harassment case. “Vinson was young and ‘beautiful’ and carefully dressed. The district court ruled that her appearance counted against her.” (Wolf 38) “In Hopkins v. Price-Waterhouse, Ms. Hopkins was denied a partnership because she needed to learn to ‘walk more femininely, talk more femininely, dress more femininely,’ and ‘wear makeup’.” She brought in more business than any other employee. (Wolf 39)
When one looks at a glacier, it is impossible to tell the depth. It is only upon closer inspection that the true extent can be known. This superficial example can be applied to the vast majority of literary works. The first time reading something, it is easy to miss out on the importance of certain phrases, themes, or even the entire purpose. Upon reading “Lust” by Susan Minot, it is easy to just write this story off as a girl’s sexual journey through adolescence, but that analysis merely scratches the surface. “Lust” cleverly discusses both misogyny and rape culture through its narrative told from the perspective of a nameless teenage girl. Minot discusses double standards and gender roles which enables her to shed light on the normalized
There is a common clique stating that beauty is pain. However, this message has a dangerous connotation to it, and the poems “Barbie Doll” and “Beauty” identify the woes of striving for society’s image of beauty. In today’s society, what is considered beautiful emphasizes physical characteristics over other aspects, also women can drastically change their self-perception depending on whether they are engaged in following the trends.
Television, advertisements, magazines, and other forms of popular media provide a plethora of references for upward social comparison. Images in the media generally project a standard to which women are expected to aspire, yet that standard is almost completely impossible for most women to achieve (Schooler et al., 2004; Thompson & Coovert, 1999). Women almost always fall short of standards that are expected of them regarding physical appearance. Particularly for women, it is difficult to go through a day without viewing images that send the message, "you're not good enough." The pervasiveness of the media makes it very challenging for most women to avoid evaluating themselves against the sociocultural standard of beauty (Milkie, 1999). Most companies that target women in the media actually attempt to foster social comparison with idealized images, in order to motivate women to buy products that will bring them closer to the ideal (e.g. diet products, makeup, hair products). If women see a discrepancy between themselves and the images they view in advertisements (which the almost definitely will), they will be more inclined to buy the products that are advertised (Thompson & Coovert,
It 's not a mystery that society 's ideals of beauty have a drastic and frightening effect on women. Popular culture frequently tells society, what is supposed to recognize and accept as beauty, and even though beauty is a concept that differs on all cultures and modifies over time, society continues to set great importance on what beautiful means and the significance of achieving it; consequently, most women aspire to achieve beauty, occasionally without measuring the consequences on their emotional or physical being. Unrealistic beauty standards are causing tremendous damage to society, a growing crisis where popular culture conveys the message that external beauty is the most significant characteristic women can have. The approval of prototypes where women are presented as a beautiful object or the winner of a beauty contest by evaluating mostly their physical attractiveness creates a faulty society, causing numerous negative effects; however, some of the most apparent consequences young and adult women encounter by beauty standards, can manifest as body dissatisfaction, eating disorders that put women’s life in danger, professional disadvantage, and economic difficulty.
It is the perpetual norm for a woman’s worth to be governed by her external appearance. In today’s society, this norm is beginning to be challenged through activists and media outlets, though still present nonetheless. For a woman this standard raises conflicting desires, wanting to be deemed the right kind of attractive set by society, while not wanting to be seen as just a body to be objectified, myself included. The author brings a different view into the mix, by providing insight from a woman with a disability perspective. She was not afforded the option to choose between these desires, because she was not in a place where she granted with what she calls the “male gaze”. The absence of choice and the presence of the conflicting desires
Today women have more money, power and rights than ever before. However the given scenario depicts one aspect of life that women fight a losing battle to everyday: the beauty myth. Many women feel that they are empowering themselves by achieving the perfect female ‘look’, using beauty as a means of self worth and as a tool to achieve their goals. These beliefs are a part of what is known as the stalled feminist revolution. By deliberating on how cultural changes created the resurgence of old sexism in new forms, it is easy to see how the feminist revolution came to a halt. This essay will examine the ways in which ‘the beauty myth’ has contributed to the stalled feminist revolution and how society uses the power of the beauty myth against women.