The Social And Environmental Impact Of Road Infrastructure And Transportation Development

Impact: This is import because further, well-maintained roads, coupled with access to public transportation and other driving alternatives, can lower traffic congestion and accident rates which not only save Americans time and money but also save

II. CAUSES: As a functioning asset to people, our roadways must be monitored, maintained and most importantly funded to keep the structures serving their intended uses safely. Also, we all know the adage, nothing lasts forever, and this is true with our roadways, but our society’s pollution accelerates the decay. And these are two main causes where we, as a nation have fallen short.

Over the last few decades South-Central Ontario has progressed from a Toronto based employment industry to a large geographic region with numerous amount of economic activity centres, employment and population (Transportation development strategy report, 2012). Due to the high increase in urbanization and urban sprawl, there is a high travel demand that is very dispersed throughout the GTA. Future population and employment growth in major urban centres will result in an increase in travel demand for both local communities and movement of goods between the areas located within the Golden Horseshoe (Transportation development strategy report, 2012).

It is important to modify and preserve the transportation system because the number of people using transportation routes is constantly increasing. This means the government must rebuild or replace bridges, pave roads and offer safer more reliable transportation routes that have less traffic and congestion.

2.This explains that if the government increase work on public infrastructure, there will be more jobs for planning and working in the field. This will help both environment and people by developing the environment while giving people jobs.

It also increases air pollution from vehicles and puts the public to a high risk of asthma, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, aggravation, stress, and other diseases. The high level of urbanization and car ownership causes traffic congestion and this would worsen in the future as the pollution and car ownership grows. There are various ways to reduce congestion, one possible way is to create toll on the roadways so that the public has to pay a fee associated with the roadway depending on the road characteristics, demand and supply, peak time, and other various data taken into consideration. This encourages user to choose other mode of transport which could be walking, public transit and bus, or carpooling. The toll would depend on the traveler’s willingness to pay (WTP) as a function of trip characteristics including trip urgency, length, and travel speed, traveller’s income levels, and previous exposure to tolled roadway. Travelers characteristics are asses by travellers willingness to carpool or to use the transit. ( WE cant get there from

Rich and developed countries always have many beautiful streets, roads, many big highways. Those are the main role of developing countries' economy. A lot of policies about building new streets, enlarging roads is always an important and necessary thing, because without them, trading things and products, doing business cannot be worked. Therefore, governments have to give right policies like fixing streets and roads every year, building more overpasses, applying some new laws for traveling in order to decrease congestion traffic.

Railways, as well as roads, are crucial inventions not only from the perspective of the governmental prosperity but also from the individuals' conveniences. While some people claim that the authorities should assign a budget for improvement of railways, others assert that a capital has to be allocated to roads system. In my opinion, both railroads and highways have significant advantages. Therefore, the officials should assign money in a balanced way.

Roads are worth discussing because of the prevalence of roads in everyday life for the majority of Americans. They allow the rapid transportation of people to their jobs, homes, or any other place they need to reach. In doing so they provide information for understanding the relationships between public and private goods and developing the national transportation policy, which can help stimulate national growth.

These kind of negative consequences can lead to positive pro-environmental behavior in regards to raising gas prices, building alternate routes around town, keeping sidewalks clean for individuals to walk on, and putting in bike lanes. By raising gas prices individuals do not travel as much so less traffic congestion and pollution, adding alternate routes around the town can help break up the flow of traffic, and adding bicycle lanes, and keeping sidewalks clean will help encourage individuals who live in town to ride bicycles, and walk. Positive consequences of traffic is that it encourages motorist to re-time their road trip to when the traffic is not as congested, and also by reducing speeds can cause less road accidents.

The development of every nation hinges on the effectiveness of their transportation systems. Movement of goods, services and people to and from work is made possible by transportation systems. The importance of effective transportation systems cannot be over-emphasized. A lot of countries are facing Transportation problems and my country Ghana is no exception. A trip of about 30 minutes can take about an hour or more due to traffic jams. This is seriously impacting productivity and has been a topical issue in the country. The situation is the same in Uganda where I currently work. To this end, Transportation Engineers are needed to design roads/ highways that will stand the test of time, plan effective traffic management systems to reduce travel

Australia is one of the most highly urbanised societies in the world. Urbanization is occurring not only in the capital cities like Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane etc but also in coastal areas within 2-3 hours of commutable distance from city centre. This has lead to formation of an exurban belt that is facilitated by transport improvements and technological change such as the internet. Such continued population growth in Australian cities is placing increasing pressure on infrastructure, such as public transport and roadways, energy, air and water systems within the urban environment.

Truck transportation has been the backbone of freight movements in the United States and across the globe for decades. While utilizing trucks is an economical way to move freight for short hauls of less than a 1,000 miles, there are high environmental and infrastructure costs for utilizing this mode of transportation. According to Lowe, road transportation’s use of energy resources rose 103 per cent in the period since 1970 (2005). Additionally, Lowe points out that road transportation’s emission of green house gasses, “increased by 76% between 1971 and 1989” (Lowe, 2005, p. 112). Furthermore, road transportation is the largest polluter in the industry. It utilizes “over 80% of the total energy used in the transport sector and contributes over 75% of its total CO2 output (Lowe, 2005, p. 113). Finally, freight transportation by heavy vehicles causes pavement damage at significantly higher rates than passenger traffic (SSTI, 2011).

* Physical infrastructure like roads, highways and bridges affect the use of automobiles. Better these infrastructures better will be the growth opportunities in this sector.

The objective of this paper is to understand the modes of road transportation, the role of road transportation in urban areas, the role of transportation infrastructure in