The Southern Manifesto By Howard Smith

The opening and closing scenes of the short story “The South” in the book Ficciones by Jorge Luis Borges have a large degree of influence on the way the reader experiences the story itself. The opening scene, for example, very much sets the tone and foreshadows future event in the story through an introductory description of the character of Dahlmann and his background. The closing scene, on the other hand, holds a good deal of significance because it contributes a good deal of ambiguity to the ending, as it is not known if Dahlmann died in the knife fight, died back at the hospital, or died at all. Altogether, the opening and closing scenes both contribute to the reader’s experience of the book greatly as they gave necessary context to

The civil war, reconstruction, and Redemption era does serve as a unique moment in American history because it shaped what kind of nation US would become. All wars are the result of social change, talks of revolution, institution of slavery and connection to power and liberation. There are many reasons that attribute to the institution of slavery becoming a big determinant in the Civil War and in American History. A consistent reason is that the states have always been dependent upon themselves and relying on their own kind to create a sense of power. The institution of slavery gave white men a sense of power in which was stripped away from them by the government. They no longer could control and have an opinion in state nor federal government decisions. Throughout all these eras of history the enslaves Africans were never seen as equal, therefore were never treated as equal. They were always seen as the black labor workers. The focus point of this paper will be the institution of slavery. After the civil war and reconstruction, America changed drastically in defining slavery and what would become of the institution.

The Southern Manifesto urged states to oppose playing out the commands that were come to in the Brown v. Board of Education choice with respect to the racial reconciliation of government funded schools. The manifesto, signed by nineteen members of the U.S. Senate and eighty-one members of the U.S. House of Representatives, explains why these southern politicians in the federal government expressed that it would invert the choice since the court’s decision opposed the U.S. Constitution. The first Constitution did not discuss education as well as the Fourteenth Amendment or any of alternate changes that were made to the Constitution around then. Congress trusted that the civil arguments that went before the accommodation of the Fourteenth Amendment were evidence that the revision was not planned to influence frameworks of education on the state level.

When one thinks about the American Civil War that waged from 1861-1864, the question at hand begs to be asked: what could the Confederacy have done to win the war? Ideally, according to Robert G. Tanner in his book Retreat to Victory? the idea that the south might have won the war had it used a different strategy might be impossible to answer. That being said, Tanner argues that amongst many theories that have developed over what the Confederacy could have done to win the Civil War, the strategy commonly referred to as Fabian would not be a prosperous endeavor by the Confederacy due to the southern geography, people and most importantly through the Confederacy’s generals.

When one thinks about the American Civil War, the question at hand begs attention: what could the Confederacy have done to win the war? Ideally, according to Robert G. Tanner in his book Retreat to Victory? the idea of the Confederacy wining the war by a different means might be impossible to answer. That being said, Tanner emphasizes how the strategy commonly referred to as Fabian would not be a prosperous endeavor for the Confederacy due to the southern geography, people and through the Confederacy’s generals.

History is one of those subjects that often times doesn’t always show the full truth, and whether that be to protect the students being taught or just because it seems more convenient for the teacher, there are a lot of lies that can be taught. Again, it can be for different reasons or it could just be that it is looked at from a different view, two poems that have the same general topic won’t always be the same. Just take the poem The History Teacher by Billy Collins or Southern History by Natasha Trethewey for example and you will be able to right away catch the lies the students were told by the teacher and for different reasons

In his book, American Slavery American Freedom, the author Edmond S. Morgan informs us of the two strange births of American slavery and American freedom in the new colonial Virginia. In this read, we saw how the new colonial Virginia experience creates a strange enigma of early colonial freedom and slavery and how the growth of the two develops hand in hand.

The Declaration of Constitutional Principles written in 1956, which is also known as the Southern Manifesto played an important role in Thurmond and the South. The Southern Manifesto was a push back to the Supreme Court ruling of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which went against the segregation of schools. He was supported by Senator Harry Byrd of Virginia and was able to get 19 of the 22 Southern Senators to sign it. The South will also have the revival of the Ku Klux Klan and the White Citizen’s Councils, which will both pursue their own racial agendas. In 1957 he set the record for the longest senate filibuster. He spoke non-stop for 24 hours and 18 minutes. Before he gave his record speech he dehydrated his body by taking hot steam baths so he would not have to yielded the floor. However, his measures failed and two hours later the bill passed. He did not receive as much support from the other southerners as expected. The new bill became the first civil rights action taken since 1875. The 1957 Civil Rights Act was signed by President Eisenhower and originally proposed by U.S.attorney general Herbert Brownell. The bill created a civil rights commission and division in the U.S. Justice Department. The bill also outlaws efforts made to stop people from voting and gave the attorney general the power to file suits to stop discrimination. He states the reason for blocking the bill was not based on race rights but to protect the government from the harming of the left-wing. As the civil rights progressed under President Kennedy and Johnson he also pushed against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. With his views on the matter Thurmond and other white Southerners will leave the Democratic

On January 28, 2016 I went with my choir to the Peace Center to watch a poet and musician in a show called Southern Voices: Black, White, and Blues. The show included a African American female poet, Glenis Redmond, and a white male blues musician, Scott Ainslie who came together to spread the message of the Old South. Both Glenis and Scott shared personal experiences and then performed a piece based on the story. They mostly performed individually but did perform some pieces together.

Is there one superior race, no all races be viewed as the same. “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” Martin Luther King Jr. Throughout the history of America blacks have been judged on their color and not given the same chances as whites. This was not only during slavery time and the civil rights, but it still has transpired today. The fact about racism is it can come in many forms it isn’t always obvious for you to see. In both of the poems the authors became aware of their racial identity or experience a time of racism in this essay I am going to show you how they reached that point.

“A house divided against itself cannot stand”- Abraham Lincoln. Civil wars are bloody times in a nation’s history when its citizens fight against each other for reform or other change in the nation. The American and the Russian Civil Wars are known to be some of the bloodiest wars in each country’s history and having some of the bloodiest or the largest battles in the world. The books I read were The American Civil War: A Military History by John Keegan and The Russian Civil War by Evan Mawdsley. John Keegan was a senior lecturer in Military History at the Royal Military Academy and a professor of history at Vassar College. Evan Mawdsley is a professor of Modern History at Glasgow University and has written numerous books on Russian history.

Charles White concentrated on the pre-civil right movement, he exhibited his skill with pencil drawings. He reiterated to society what it was like for African Americans prior to the civil rights movement before Blacks had an opportunity to protest. He gave African American culture a timeline of how to illustrate how far they came and to never stop pushing ahead. This Commanding drawing of two African American siblings concealing their selves in a small room. The level of detail condensed into this picture made it so, the actual drawing was real. The picture denoted the amount of fear they were experiencing and the quality of life they had.

The readings for this week consisted of the second half of Raewyn Connell’s (2007) Southern Theory. In this half, Connell (2007) examines the attempts by southern theorists to create theory applicable to their society. Connell (2007) examines the roadblocks that southern theorists face in their attempts to create theory that does not come from and is not influenced by the metropole (Connell, 2007). Connell (2007) shows how these attempts do not face the same resistance. Instead, they vary amongst location, because, despite the master narrative the metropole perpetuates, these areas have unique histories that shape their beliefs and their reactions to colonization and attempts by the west to colonize them (Connell, 2007).

“The South” by Jorge Luis Borges portrays the life of Juan Dahlmann, a librarian from Buenos Aires, wherein a sequence of unfortunate events brings him, eventually and triumphantly, to the South. But the story might be as mundane as Dahlmann’s northern life without its stunning conclusion: rather than living happily in the South like he’s always longed for, Dahlmann willingly dies the first night he gets there. Dahlmann dies just before his promised life can even begin, yet he finds joy in it. His bizarre mindset, then, demands explanation and exploration. Dahlmann is in fact not mad nor is Borges being melodramatic: his tragedy is but the tragedy of a dreamer who mingles dream with the reality, dangerously. Dahlmann lives by the

Southernization is often a term that is used in order to describe the economic, political, and social developments that occurred in Southern Asia and diffused to various other places around the world. Each strand of development is interwoven, influencing innovation in other countries across the globe. A few of the many important developments during this time period, from the fifth century C.E to 1200, include the discovery of new trade routes for merchants, the cultivation of new plants in different regions and the advances in mathematics.