The Spectroscopy Lab Centralized On The Properties Of Waves

Spectroscopy is the study of light. A spectrophotometer is a machine used to determine the absorbance of light at any given wavelength. It does this by using a source of white light through a prism, which gives multiple wavelengths that can be individually focused (Ayyagari and Nigam, 2007). Substances are put into cuvettes that are glass or quartz containers that light can easily travel through. The light that is being focused travels through the substance gets absorbed by the

A wave, when passed through a vertical slit, will form spaced lines on the object with the most prominent line, which has the most intensity, being in line with the center of the slit through which the wave passed and when you add another slit it created an interference pattern from which the waves collide with each other and either cancel the wave out or create stronger waves depending upon whether or not the wave is

When a beam of sunlight passes through a specially shaped glass object called a prism, the rays of different wavelengths are bent at different angles. The bending breaks up the sunlight into a beautiful band of colors. This band contains all the colors of the rainbow and is called the visible spectrum. At one end of the spectrum, the light appears as violet. It consists of the shortest wavelengths of light that we can see. Farther along the spectrum, the light has increasingly longer wavelengths. It appears as blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, each shading into its neighboring colors in the spectrum. The longest wavelengths of light that we can see appear deep red in color. Some descriptions of the spectrum also mention the color indigo, which is closely related to blue, between violet and blue.

A spectrophotometer’s purpose is to use colors of the light spectrum to determine the concentration of light absorbing molecules in a solution. (p.59) In this particular lab, our mission was to determine the protein concentration and the standard curve of the unknown sample of BSA. This, by preparing five dilutions of the unknown solution of BSA together with other known concentrations, and then experimenting by observing how the concentrations were passed through the spectrophotometer. The outcome resolved in the absorption levels being decreased, and this

“When light from a glowing element is analyzed through a spectroscope, it is found that the colors are the composite of a variety of different frequencies of light” (Hewitt, 2012, p. 573).

For example, hydrogens line spectra emission shows three bands of color, red, light blue, and dark blue. The more lines of a specific color, the more that color is going to be viewed on the flame

Two types of light emission are fluorescence and phosphorescence. In its stable condition, an electron exists in a ground singlet state. During a reaction, it may absorb energy and become elevated to an excited state. In most situations, the electron returns to the ground singlet state by passing through a number of vibrational states and releasing energy, which is not perceived by the human eye. However, sometimes an electron may release energy all at once in one packet to go from its excited

You may ask what line spectrum is and why it is used by scientists or even how it is used in The Flame Test Lab. Scientists use the Flame Test and line spectrum to help them determine what an unknown element is. They can use the observation of the color and lines produced in a line spectrum by a gaseous state element to help them decide what the element is. Flame tests can be used to help the scientist determine what an element is in its solid form, by placing it in a flame and observing what color is produced. Wavelengths of color are emitted because of electrons becoming excited and jumping to higher sub-levels and then jumping back down to lower sub-levels.

Niels Bohr was another large piece of the Solvay Conference in 1927. He and Einstein were the stars of the show, as they both battled to prove their theories. Niels Bohr’s theory was about “Quantum Mechanics”. Even today we still use this theory. The teachers teach this to the students, and it is the best theory that we know about. The theory is that we use different orbitals where the electrons will travel around the atom. The different orbitals mean the different energy

There are seven major spectral types. Stars range from blue and hot to red and cool. The spectral types are: O, B, A, F, G, K, and M (from hottest to coolest). Each of these letters is divided into 10 numerical classes, from hotter to cooler: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. For example, our Sun has the spectral type G2. Spectroscopy is a scientific technique in which the visible light coming from objects (like stars and nebulae) is examined to determine the object's composition, temperature, density, and velocity. The spectrum is the band of colors that white light is composed of, in the order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (from long to short wavelength). Newton first discovered that sunlight could be divided into the visible spectrum. The compositions of stars are determined through spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study of something using spectra. Recall from the Electromagnetic Radiation chapter that a spectrum is what results when you spread starlight out into its individual

This lab demonstrated qualities of standing waves with great help from a mechanical vibrator, a sine wave generator, and a piece of string. Through this lab we were able to understand how to calculate the speed of a wave on a string. A standing wave is defined as a wave that travels forward, then is reflected creating nodes (regions with minimal to zero energy).

Let’s look at one other wave property of light. Light travels in transverse waves and this property is demonstrated by a phenomenon called polarization. Polarization means that the waves of light are restricted in their direction of vibration. Think of a horizontal string that you shake from one end. If you shake the string up and down, you will get up and down, or vertical, waves. If you shake the string back and forth, you will get horizontal waves. In this way, the string is said to be polarized. Vibrating electrons emit waves that are also polarized. A vertically vibrating electron emits light that is vertically polarized and a horizontally vibrating electron emits light that is horizontally polarized.

The hypothesis that as the level from which the electron jumps is increase, the emitted frequency would also increase, was supported in this lab. As the level of the electron was increased, the emitted frequency increased in a manner that was indirectly linear to the of the level of the electron. The accuracy in this lab was excellent with a 2% and 1% error for the hydrogen gas portion. The accuracy for the measurement of the measure of the wavelengths of two colors in the helium gas was also excellent with percent errors of 2.7% and 2.9%. A potential systematic error in this lab could have been incorrectly measuring the distance from the diffraction grating to the gas tube. This would cause every calculated wavelength to either be larger

The first principle of quantum mechanics is quantized properties. Quantized properties are properties of particles on a very small scale This includes the principle that states that certain properties such as the location and velocity of objects can only exist in specific amounts. This principle is different than classical mechanics; classical mechanics states that these properties are continuous, and exist at more than just a specific set of quantum numbers. Quantized properties explain why there are emission lines only exist at certain

- cunostinte ridicate de limba engleza si medii a unei alte limbi de circulatie internationala;