The Spread Of Hypertension

John’s long standing Hypertension causes his heart to work harder, putting more strain on his heart and arteries. In order to achieve a gradient in pressure by which blood flows from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure, the left ventricle must exceed the increased pressure in the arterial system (Ref).

The two priority problems for Mr. George are Hypertension and Diabetes (hyperglycemia). It has been demonstrated that arterial hypertension is major important determinant of heart diseases. The pathogenesis of hypertension is linked with multiple factors that include dietary, genetic, and patterns of lifestyle. The biological factors that determine hypertension include: atherosclerosis, resistance to insulin; hyper-responsiveness towards adrenalin based stimuli and dysfunction of endothelial cells. It was studied that the evidence suggests that decrease in the ratio of prevalence of high blood pressure gives rise to reduced ratio of cardiovascular related mortalities. It can be achieved through intervention with suitable medical therapy (Villalpando et al., 2010).

High blood pressure has many damaging effects on the heart. High blood pressure is known as a silent killer and if left untreated can cause serious damage to the heart. What causes high blood can differ from person to person. What causes this for some may be different with another. Genetics, diet, family history, weight, and use of salt are just some of the causes of high blood pressure. Some of the ways that high blood pressure damages the heart is through narrowing of the arteries in the heart, called arteriosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and restricted blood flow that can lead to strokes and heart attacks. High blood pressure can have damaging effects on the heart if left untreated, and can cause arteriosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and restricted blood flow that leads to strokes and heart attacks.

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic cardiovascular condition that is characterized by high blood pressure. The blood pressure commonly abbreviated as BP is a measure of the force exerted on the blood vessels as the blood passes through them. The amount of blood pumped and the narrowness of ones’ vessels are directly proportional to the blood pressure (Mayoclinic staff, 2014).

The heart pumps blood into the arteries and the force of the blood pushing against blood vessel walls is called blood pressure. Arteries carry the blood throughout the body. High blood pressure is also know as hypertension and is very dangerous in many different ways. One way is that it makes the heart have to work harder in order to pump the blood to the body. Secondly it contributes to hardening of the arteries and lastly, it also contributes to heart failure. A healthy heart is essential to life and having high blood pressure it not healthy for the heart. It has been proven that there are many different causes that have been linked to high blood pressure.

Vascular remodeling of the vessel layers of the pulmonary arteries from smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation results in reducing the size of the arterial lumen (Lundgren & Ladegran, 2014). As pulmonary hypertension progresses, this vascular remodeling leads to a further reduction in the size of the arterial lumen, increased peripheral vascular resistance, increased right ventricular load, and right ventricular hypertrophy (Lundgren & Ladegran, 2014). Eventually, the right ventricle is unable to compensate for the increased pressure causing it to dilate resulting in the symptoms associated with the disease and eventual death (Lundgren & Ladegran, 2014; Weber et al.

The human body is a highly complex system of organs that operates efficiently at a cellular level to ensure proper functionality and longevity of the human race. However, even the slightest changes to its operation can lead to complications. In order to better understand the human body and how it works; an understanding of the diseases it is susceptible to is necessary. The cardiovascular system, in particular, is vulnerable to debilitating disease such as aneurysms, which is a ballooning of a blood vessel, or even an embolism (when any foreign body enters the blood stream). Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries and veins and therefore these events can occur anywhere in the body (i.e. the heart or the brain). There are different types of aneurysms including saccular, fusiform and pseudo-aneurysms. Saccular aneurysms only develop on part of the vessel wall and are spherical in shape. Fusiform aneurysms are ovoid in shape and develop over the entire vessel cross section. Pseudo-aneurysms are not true aneurysms but they occur as a result of a tear in the vessel wall thus collecting the blood pooled by extravascular tissue (Group). The exact cause of an aneurysm is not known but is correlated with certain previous existing conditions. Existing conditions that may have an effect on the development of an aneurysm are inherited predispositions to this disease, lifestyles, and high blood pressure. Some individuals are predisposed to developing aneurysms if their blood

In the 19th and 20th centuries, before effective pharmacological treatment for hypertension came about, the three main treatments were used. These included restricting the level of sodium intake through the rice diet for example, sympathectomy which was the surgical ablation of parts of the sympathetic nervous system and finally, pyrogen therapy which involved injecting substances that caused a fever which indirectly reduced blood pressure. However, all of these treatments had numerous side-effects. Globally, the overall percentage of raised blood pressure cases in adults aged 25 and over was around 40% in 2008. In terms of the world’s population, the proportion of people with high blood pressure or uncontrolled hypertension fell slightly

The seriousness of hypertension arises from its impact on a number of organs (target organs). The complications that can develop at their level explain the increased morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension. The heart is one of the main target organs, and one of the first consequences of elevated blood pressure (PA) is left ventricular

The pathophysiology on cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, heart disease, and coronary artery disease) has skyrocketed since the early 1990s. The pathophysiological continuum runs hand-in-hand with the plan and with the clinical continuum. Thus meaning, that this will provide researchers with a description in the progressive process of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, at the molecular level or even the cellular level for these types of diseases (Demarco, Aroor, & Sowers, 2014). Cardiovascular disease also leads to endothelial dysfunction which often leads to a lot of bad health events to happen such as vascular remodeling and inflammation in the target-organ pathology. Factors like hypertension, smoking, drinking alcohol, diabetes,

Peripheral Arterial disease is defined by the thickening of its walls with deposits of cholesterol and lipids within the artery. The thickening of the arteries can lead to occlusion causing damage to the arteries. It is seen in these patients for them to higher blood pressure because of the narrowing of the arteries causes more pressure to pump blood to its tissue. Some damage caused by the lipids accumulating(Hyperlipidemia) in the arterial wall is known as endothelial injury. Collagen responds by covering the fatty streaks by creating a plaque which can be either on the side of the arterial wall or around the arterial wall with a small hole left for blood to flow. After these plaques have been established it is seen to affect the blood flow

Hypertension is a common health problem especially among people over age of 60 years. This disease is diagnostic when a patient blood pressure is more than 140 to 159 over 90 to 99. Blood pressure refers to the pressure that blood applies to the inner walls of the Diabetes is an endocrine system disorder that occurs when the body is unable to control or balance the amount of sugar in blood and within bodily tissues. You know that the human body is like a machine, with organ systems that are specialized in certain functions, and interact with each other to allow all vital functions to happen. For the body to stay healthy, it is essential that its internal environment is stable and balanced despite the different changes that can occur inside

You are correct on your analysis of the effect of hypertension on cardiovascular disorder. Furthermore, the increase pressure exerted on the arterial walls from hypertension that is prolonged or uncontrolled damages the blood vessels causing an increase vulnerability to plaque buildup which leads to calcium accumulation, lipid infiltration,angina, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction,coronary artery disease (CAD) and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Additionally, there is an increase in the workload of the left ventricle which causes systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and heart failure. Moreover, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities can also be caused

Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.

Hypertension is defined a consistent elevation of the systolic blood pressure above 140mmHg, a diastolic pressure above 90mmHg or a report of taking antihypertensive medication. Early diagnosis and effective management of hypertension is essential because it is a major modifiable risk factor to cerebrovascular, cardiac, vascular, and renal diseases. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.