The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations by Ori Brafman and Rod A. Beckstrom (South Asian Journal Management, 2011) is an organizational book written for business leaders that described how a decentralized and centralized organization differ, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each style in managing an organization.
The authors gave us a very compelling contrast between centralized and decentralized organization. A spider epitomizes a centralized organization. Spider has eight legs and a central nervous system. The head controls the movements of the legs. If you cut or damaged the head, the spider will not be able to move and eventually dies. Like most of the company’s that exist today
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Surprisingly, there are successful organizations that behave like a starfish. Good examples are Wikipedia, Alcohol Anonymous, YouTube, Skype, and Craigslist. These organizations do not have a CEO, if there’s a leader, they do not hinder their people in making their own decision, and the group becomes creative and is productive. They have the freedom to do things that they think that will help the organization to be successful.
The authors also mentioned the eight major principles of decentralization: (Brafman & Beckstrom, 2007)
(1) When attacked, a decentralized organization tends to become even more open and decentralized. An example of this principle is when MGM a filed a lawsuit against Napster a decentralized organization, that caused the later to file for bankruptcy, but this incident did not stop people downloading music for free. A more decentralized Kazaa emerges and millions of free music were copied and downloaded (p.21). (2) It’s easy to mistake starfish for spiders. Like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), there is no leader. Everyone is in charge. When you become a member; you become part of the leadership (p.36). (3) An Open system doesn’t have a central intelligence; the intelligence is spread throughout the system. Just like AA, it has an open system, it is constantly multiplying, you don’t know how many members
The organization of power within a corporation is a rigid dichotomy between centralization and decentralization. Substitute strategies can exist anywhere along the spectrum whether they are completely centralized, completely decentralized or somewhere in between. Though Cervus’ methods are substitutable, centralized policies have not proven to be nearly as successful in maintaining
Without the administrators and senior officials having those same positive qualities, the cutting edge representatives have no possibility of making wow administration or items. The achievement of each organization starts at the top.
One of the themes in Thomas McCraw’s book American Business Since 1920: How It Worked is mastering centralized control through decentralized management. As the business world rapidly expanded competition for market share between the larger companies increased. More task management was necessary in order to delegate within the businesses as they expanded. The market was also changing and as an answer to that some companies implemented a revised version of traditional management; decentralized management (McCraw, 2009).
I believe that organizations are accidents waiting to happen and I have seen this in a few places that I have worked. For example, I had a bad experience working at an ice cream polar this past summer. The manager was a wealthy man who owned the shop and real estate.
The Knights of Columbus (KofC) business practices are counterproductive to the volunteerism culture which is reflected in the low participation rate in the Councils and loss of membership. Although the Knights of Columbus senior leadership institutes corporate-like business practices, the culture of the Council ultimate defines the Council's business standards. A Council's prosperity is directly dependent on their membership and their ability to creatively and successfully execute their programs which is dependent on their members “taking the initial idea, modifying it to suit specific situations and local needs, then implementing the program in the way it works.” (4-KofC.org) Most Council's are risk and change averse. Executing new programs
The starfish organizations would be a more successful company that would excel in today’s business world. In the book the “Starfish and the Spider” the author makes many valid points is to why a starfish company would make it in corporate world. The reason why that type of company would be successful is because there is no central leader and there are many internet companies in today’s world of business. There are many excellent points in the book “Starfish and the Spider” as to why starfish organizations would be more successful than a spider company. One point that the book makes is that starfish organizations would be more successful is that a starfish has no central leader and is decentralized unlike the spider companies which is has a central leader and is centralized.
Decentralization has several advantages. Staffs are encouraged to develop decision-making skills, which help them advance in their careers. The autonomy afforded by this style of operation also increases job satisfaction and motivation. For example, if maintenance staff receives a complaint on a fault by a customer, in a decentralized organization the maintenance staff has the power to fix the problem without getting the approval from the administration. If that same front maintenance staff determines that a customer has been
Have ever you thought of a team being successful without following the rule or listen to the leader and the plan? In this story Lord of the Flies the author Golding William use his personal opinion to write the book he thinks that human was naturally savages in which I agree with it. Leadership is really important for a group like in the story to survive because if no one here to lead them they will start going by their own in which it happened during middle of the story He wants to show the importance of team work. If you were in this kind of situation what will you do of course is to survive right? But how you are going to survive if you are standing alone helpless without a team nor a leader? I going to explain a little bit who what the word leadership mean. Leadership is an ability of an individual to lead others peoples or an entire team. I do not believe that a successful team without a leader. Let me prove you how important is leadership.
In a hyper competitive market, the ability of an organization to respond and adapt to changes i.e. threats from competing firms, they have to spread the decision making power throughout the organization. The disadvantage of this type of decentralized structure is that at some points there might be contradictory decisions being made which would cause conflict within the organization and the success of any unit would depend on the capability of the head, on the other hand, it would be advantageous in the sense that in addition to enabling organizations to respond faster to changes in the market, it also builds confidence of employees and therefore is a means of
Other common terms for the idea of organizational decentralization include: team self-management, self-management, shared control, distributed leadership (Lambe, Webb, & Ishida, 2009) and holacracy (Robertson, 2007). While these terms may have small differences they all describe the common theme of distributing power across organizations. Several concepts help to explain why decentralization and the encouragement of teamwork throughout an organization are often superior to traditional management structure.
To create an organization with great leaders, the organization has to be able to help create those leaders.
In a centralized organizational structure one individual is responsible for making all the decisions and maintains control of the company by giving direction. While Decentralized organizational structures often rely on several persons with the authority to make final decision for the company’s well being. Some benefits associated with a centralized organization are as follows: Reduction in cost in the work environment, having a focused vision on one common goal and Reduction in conflict. A Few drawbacks of a centralized organization include, No secrecy because all ideas and decisions are conveyed to all, No special attention and Delay in work. Advantages associated with Decentralization are; Huge relief is provided off the top managers, Greater use is made of employees skills and Decision making is left up to educational and well informed people.
Any organization¡¦s existence and the survival in the short and long run will mainly depend on the right people being at the right positions in the right numbers.
Moving away from “Mechanistic” metaphor originated from the bureaucratic organizational theories in the early 1920s. Morgan (2006) presents a more biological view of the organization. Described as a living system the “Organism” metaphor is dependent on wider environment and functions. Such organizations are open systems and more inclined to adapt, grow, survive and to meet the needs of organizations to operate more efficiently. The flexibility to change to the best-suited structure also introduced. As organizations tend to appear and thrive in certain environments, the functions are adjusted to establish more orderly and stable environments. In line with Morgan’s “Organism” metaphor (Morgan. 2010), if they do not adapt, organizations become week and die when those needs not met.
At least two different organizational structures are identified, described, and compared in terms of their design principles.