The Start of Architecture

In 102 Minutes, the authors force the reader to absorb the significant toll that the events of 9-11 had on the families involved and people across America; also, Dwyer and Flynn seek to inform them of the errors in the design of the towers and decisions made by rescuers that preceded the catastrophic events that took place. The authors mention these facts and arguments to ensure the improvement of future architectural practices, prepare people for intense situations, and to personalize the tragedy that holds such an important place in our country’s history. Through various rhetorical strategies, the writers appeal emotionally and analytically to their audience.

At the point when 9/11 happened, I was an eighth grader in South Florida, and an amazingly naive nationalist. I observed with sickening apprehension as the second tower fell live on the TV in my show class. I needed activity! How set out the "scalawags" do such a marvel to my kindred Americans!

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 shook up the lives of all Americans. On September 11, 2001, nineteen radicals who were associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda high jacked four airplanes with the intent to carry out terrorist attacks. Two airplanes went into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City killing over two thousand six hundred people. They also attacked the pentagon in Washington D.C killing over one hundred people, as well as a plane going down in Pennsylvania killing all people aboard the plane. Due to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, national security has improved dramatically with the intent of an increase of public safety.

The deconstruction of the Twin Towers became one of the most compelling aspects of the falling of the buildings and ultimately the death toll on 9/11. The resources available now have demonstrated how, the building systems impacted the falling of the Twin Towers. In addition, it also shows how deconstruction also had a direct impact on the death toll. For the most part, the building systems were not properly tested. If they had been properly tested, it could have decreased the overall death toll on 9/11.

I will be examining how the attack of 9/11 on the Twin Towers compelled urban planners to adapt and prevent future terrorists’ attacks and affected the United States’ social and cultural infrastructures. The attack of 9/11 on the Twin Towers by Osama Bin Laden killed nearly 3,000 people, and traumatized the entire nation (Facts About 9/11). This heinous act was an attempt to incur irreparable damage to the U.S. economy by destroying the Towers, and more largely, to obliterate these symbols of the American ideology of liberty and human rights (Wright 176). While America would eventually recover, this date served as a delineating line between pre and post 9/11 that effected physical, social, and cultural infrastructures. These infrastructures

When a building is on fire, those inside expect that the structure will hold up long enough for a safe escape. In the twin towers, this did not hold true. On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center, once a beacon for commerce and business was attacked by two hijacked planes. The explosion caused the jet fuel to ignite, sending fire through the buildings. Ineffective fireproofing led to a catastrophic amount of deaths and victims. In Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn’s 102 Minutes: The Unforgettable Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers, stories and statistics from first hand accounts help to prove that this is true. The greatest contributing factor to the loss of live on 9/11 was the ineffective fireproofing in the World Trade Center.

“Twin Towers”, the tallest building in the world at the time, were built between 1975- 1985, with a total construction cost of $400 million. The towers were located in the World Trade Center, a large commercial complex of seven buildings. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda members hijacked two Boeing 767 jets into both towers. I vividly remember that dreadful day, I was working in a doctor’s office when my boss received a call from her mother. I can remember her trembling voice screaming: “We are under attack”. Immediately, we turned on the television and that was when we saw the images of the North tower covered in flames

September 11, 2001, millions of New Yorkers and American citizens woke up and started their day, unprepared and unaware for the catastrophic attack that would be taking place in just a few short hours. At 8:46 a.m., Eastern Standard Time, Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower. The impact killed all of the passengers and crew as well as hundreds inside the building. At 9:03 a.m., a second plane, Flight 175, crashed into the corner of the South Tower killing passenger, crew, and workers who worked on floors seventy-five to eighty-three. Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m. killing approximately 185 individuals (History.com Staff). Because of the damaged to the support system, fires, and impact at extremely fast speed, the South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. (Lipton and Glanz). Having heard about the acts of terrorism that had just taken place in New York and Washington, D.C., a group of passengers drove their plane, Flight 93, into a Pennsylvania field killing everyone on board but possibly saving hundreds of other lives in the process. The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. 102 minutes after being struck (History.com Staff). On September 11, 2001, almost twelve hundred people were wounded or killed by “coordinated suicide attempts” by Al Qaeda terrorists. In result to the four airplanes being hijacked and used for premediated reasons, the United States government instituted new regulations for entering the country and airport security as well as expounded on systems already in place.

The construction of high rise buildings has changed and become more structural and integrity sound. The event of 9/11 showed how older construction and the application of force would lead to one of the most tragic events in Untied States history. Construction techniques that were used in the 1970’s are totally different than today’s techniques. The World Trade Center was constructed around 1966. The building would consist of seven buildings in one. Soon after the World Trade Center would be built, it would face a major event in its time line. In the same year of the building being built, it would also have a major fire on one of its high rise floors. The fire would damage the main flour with some damage to the lower floor. At this time the

The human body is the ultimate tool for discovering the environment. Human anatomy is considered to be nature’s peak of perfection and certain features serve as inspiration for many architects. To study the relationship between the human body and architecture, one must not be limited to human body parts resemblance to architectural works but to a larger extent consider human emotions, sensory nerves, the mind and general human psychology. In essence everything that makes us human. In its simplest definition Architecture can be described as an art or practice of designing buildings. It is practiced in a way that accomplishes both practical and communicative or expressive requirements. To relate it to human body then Architecture can widely define the place, the site, the energy, the systems, the building, the flora and fauna. These components that bring aesthetic property to humanity apart from the utilitarian purpose it serves. The perfect balance of a normal human body and the proportions are incorporated into architecture from a point of view of imitation, idealized allusion and the actual human use. Evidence of such human incorporation into architecture is seen from the Ancient Greek Architectures where it was common for tower columns to take shape of a human being like in the colossus of the Ancient

September 11, 2001 marked the most horrific day in history for United States of America. The events of this day changed the lives of those residing in America forever. United States was considered somewhat safe, in regards to terrorists’ attacks. However, this all came to a screeching halt when 19 militants known to be a part of the Al-Qaeda terrorist group hijacked four planes for the purpose of destroying targeted areas in the United States. As a result of the deadly attack on the United States, security measures drastically changed. Although, security measures throughout the United States have been in place, extreme caution came into effect. All departments looked at different measures to improve preventing terrorists’ attacks.

Today technology allows us to construct structures that we would never have been able to make in the past. Some of the creations are impressive based on what they accomplish but others are masterpieces in themselves. Man’s capability to build such tall buildings, as the skyscrapers we are familiar with covering our cities today, is a major expression of the advancements we have made as a culture. The power necessary to build such tall structures inspired competition between architects to see who could build the tallest one. One skyscraper that has inspired many and served as a model, for high rise buildings that were created after, is the Chrysler Building. The Chrysler Building serves as an identifying mark to anyone that

As the saying goes “Rome wasn’t built in a day,” however long it took to build the capital, the days, months, years, centuries of work can be viewed as a long lasting landmark which paved the way for new and challenging architecture to come (How Roman architecture influenced modern architecture [sa]). According to Tony Rook (2013: [sp] ch.2) the typical Roman temple shows the Etruscan tradition combined with the Greek one. Although some of their premature concepts were acquired from the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, Roman architects transformed the body of architecture for all time to come, offering buildings and structures that has never been before, along the side of public buildings and infrastructure that could be used by

The History of Greek Architecture The architecture of ancient Greece is represented by buildings in the sanctuaries and cities of mainland Greece, the Aegean islands, southern Italy and Sicily, and the Ionian coast of Turkey. Monumental Greek architecture began in the archaic period, flourished through the classical and Hellenistic periods, and saw the first of many revivals during the Roman Empire. The roots of Greek architecture lie in the tradition of local Bronze Age house and palaces. The following paper will cover the basic forms of Greek architecture.

Architecture can be viewed with two different types of properties. Properties that can be seen like shapes, their composition, the spaces they create and, the colours and textures that make up their appearance. These properties are considered to be visual while other properties are considered to be abstract. These properties can only be described using words; the meanings behind the architecture and the stories that can be told about it. The context, its cultural background and its function also affects how we view architecture. The question is, what