Straits of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Outflow
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Straits of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Outflow The Strait of Gibraltar is located between the northern coast of Morocco and the southern coast of Spain. It is the only place that allows the water of the Mediterranean to mix with the water from the Atlantic Ocean. The Strait of Gibraltar is narrow strait separating peninsular Spain and Gibraltar in Morocco and Europe from Morocco as well as the Ceuta/ Spain in Africa. Also, the trait connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The Strait of Gibraltar is known by many names including the ‘pillar of Hercules’ in the ancient world, STROG meaning Strait of Gibraltar in naval use. The name originates from the rock of
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They include the upper layer of the Atlantic water flowing eastward above the heavier and saltier Mediterranean water that flows eastwards into the Atlantic Ocean. Also, it is referred to as the Mediterranean outflow water (Wesson & Gregg, 2009). As the Mediterranean water flows to the sea it follows the rising sea floor creating series of internal waves which are not easy seen because they do not generate large waves, but rather horizontal surface currents that affect the roughness of the sea surface. Internal waves can be seen from space suing special radar method capable of detecting sensitive changes in the roughness of the water surface. The direct link created by the Strait of Gibraltar between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean is responsible for the generation of unique wave patterns and unique flow. The unique patterns created as a result of the interaction between the global evaporative and different regional forces, wind forces, and tidal forces (Robinson & Paola, 2005).
Inflow and outflow: the water flowing through the Strait are more or less continuous in both the westward and the eastward directions. The larger amount of water comprising of the surface water of lower density and salinity flows continually eastwards (the Mediterranean inflow) while the smaller water amounts of deeper, saltier and heavier water flows continually westwards (the Mediterranean outflow). The general flow tendencies of the water
Scientists used to believe that rogue waves could appear at any particular area of ocean only once every several millennia; however, recent oceanographic data suggest these waves are far more common than originally believed
To support the theory of continental drift is through topography, surveying the floors of oceans, charts of rock magnetism, and statistics on rock ages (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). At one time scientist believed that the deep ocean floors were flat; accumulating the sediment that progressively wore away from the prehistoric landmasses (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). However, they discovered steep-walled valleys and elevated highlands. This was evidences that just as the continents are transformed and are active, so to is the seafloor (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). The Mid- Atlantic Ridge, positioned in the central part of the Atlantic Ocean, is recorded to be the longest mountain range on this planet. Volcanoes, lava flow, and earthquakes are a source of
The Bay’s salinity varies widely from season to season and from year to year, depending on the amount of fresh water flowing from its rivers. The Bay tends to be fresher in spring, when snow melts and heavy rainstorms frequently fall. During the drier months, the Bay is usually saltier. Salinity also increases with depth. Fresh water remains at the surface because it is less dense than salt water. The water on the Bay’s eastern shore tends to be saltier than the water on the western side. This is due to two factors; most fresh water enters the Bay from its northern and western tributaries, and The Coriolis Force, a phenomenon caused by the earth’s rotation, pushes flowing water in the Northern Hemisphere to the right, causing saltier water to move up the Bay veers toward the eastern shore.
The land is uplifted crust blocks that form parallel ranges but surface water doesn’t run to the ocean. Instead, it evaporates over time leaving a salt flat.
waves to larger waves. When the water starts to move it is subject to the Coriolis
There were changes to the Mediterranean World, but also continuities from the Roman Empire in 100 CE, to the Abbasid Empire in 800 Ce, to Feudal Europe in 1000 CE. Christianity and Islam, architecture, and the status of women all changed, even though some parts of them remained the same. Christianity and Islam developed and spread. New architectural advancements were added to the already existing Roman innovations, and the status of women improved overall.
4) The salinity of the position mid-ocean surface water changes with latitude due to its position regarding the equator and high precipitation produces these changes.
An entire new world, different from our own exists beneath the surface of our oceans. This life is full of color, shapes, sizes, wonder, and even darkness. Much of this life has yet to be explored but we still know that beneath the waves exist the most beautiful creatures and the most bizarre. Magical areas such as the coral reef and mysterious areas such as the depths of the ocean are homes to over 700,000 species that live in the ocean. This includes the eighty percent of the ocean that has yet to be explored. Even though there may be separate oceans on this planet, they are still interconnected by a body of salt water. No area of the ocean is the same, which brings us to the wonderful fact that so many different species are able to flourish
area of the strait of Gibraltar”. (nothing) The lost city has no records of existence other than the
The dense, cooled water becomes part of what is termed the Ocean Conveyor and the water eventually returns to the surface in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. As warm water returns to the Atlantic, the current moves pole wards as the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, warming northwestern Europe substantially. In addition,
Over the course of one-hundred years the Mediterranean antiquity was rocked by an ancient cold war between the North African seafaring state of Carthage, and the newly rising city of Rome located on the Italian Peninsula. In the course of two major wars and one extended three year long siege of Carthage itself Rome would conquer its last major foe and turn the Mediterranean into a Roman lake.
Starting off, the Bermuda Triangle shows to be located in a threatening zone of many strong environmental conditions that are too unstable for us to conduct ourselves in. One supporting confirmation by Sally Painter is," The Bermuda Triangle encompasses one of the deepest underwater trenches in the world. This is an important point to
Seiches are standing waves that occur in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Although typically wind generated, they can form from splashes created by mass water
the deepest marine trenches in the world (Rosenburg no. 6). With the interaction of the strong currents over the many reefs the topography is in a state of constant flux and development of new navigational hazards is swift (Rosenburg no. 6).
The Bermuda Triangle covers almost 440,000 square miles of the Atlantic Ocean. An imaginary line that begins near Melbourne, Florida, extends south to Bermuda, and west to Puerto Rico before turning north to Florida, forms the Triangle. From 1972-1999, more than one hundred planes and ships have vanished into thin air. More than one thousand lives have been lost as well. One frightening aspect of this entire saga