Question 1 - The Spaniards had the capability and know-how to succeed in Latin America due to the strength of the financial industry in Spain. The strength of the financial industry in Spain is a result of a regulated growth strategy that not only ensured the stability of the Spanish financial market, but in so doing developed banks that had the wherewithal and capital to expand internationally. The strengthening of the financial industry in Spain was a methodical process that occurred over several decades.
(PEST) Multiple macro-economic forces in Spain facilitated a sturdy financial industry capable of expanding in Latin America. Political influences in Spain guided the financial industry to liberalize. The government, “In Spain
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Similar to the domestic banks, the international bank involvement varied from subsidiaries to joint-ventures. The third category of competition in Latin American involved other Spanish banks seeking to gain market share. Through acquisition and competition, the two largest Spanish banks to emerge in Latin America were BBVA and BSCH.
Question 2 – Chile provides the most attractive market for a foreign bank. Amongst Latin American nations, Chile was the first country to privatize and liberalize the financial industry. Given Chile’s early commitment to liberal financial policies, several macroeconomic indicators exist revealing the potential in its market. Annual GDP growth remains high at 7% and revenues from exports is transitioning away from commodities to manufactured goods signifying the presence of working middle class. Furthermore, Chile’s workforce is the most educated and trained compared to Argentina and Mexico. Argentina, while maintaining the highest per capital income amongst all Latin American countries, is not as attractive of a market. Nearly a third of Argentinians deal in Cash only and the Argentinian government lacks the power to privatize a substantial number of municipally owned banks. Similar growth-stifling factors exist in Mexico. At the time of the case, the Mexican government is not issuing any new bank licenses. Santander, BBV, and BCH each used different entry modes in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico in order for each bank
In Imperial Spain, J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the country, secure the largest transoceanic empire the world has ever known, and for a
Throughout the years after the Spanish empire was the largest and richest empire in the world. But unfortunately, the empire fell. There were many reasons of why the empire
* At this time, Spain thought as America as not only a barrier but a source of wealth.
-America contributed some incentives to Spanish economic growth, but failed to push the Spanish metropolitan economy forward
Slowly but surely Rafael Trujillo started making the Dominican Republic his own little piggybank. As he saw that the country had been stripped of many industries, he started to buy back everything that was in foreign control. (Sagas, 172) If he could not buy the business or gain control of the economic sector through lawful competition, he would gain control unlawfully. These other means often consisted of giving unfair interest rates to the businesses he competed against, using the banks that he owned. Ultimately, if he didn’t own the leading business, through his banks, he slowly ate away his competitors.
land gathering, but more as economic strategy. The Spanish had already been in decline after the
At the start of 1474, Spain was a non-existent entity that was composed of a series of minor kingdoms within the Iberian Peninsula. However Spain was subject to a process of change that led to the unification of the Iberian Peninsula under one monarchy, which controlled the new world and large areas of Northern Europe. This process of change was stimulated by the revenue of the new world and to varying degrees by domestic and international politics. However the New world was not always the primary factor during this period that catalysed the increase and maintenance of power. Over this time period the revenue from the new world increased, and thus directly Spain’s dependence upon it did as well. Isabella and Ferdinand had no reliance on
The Latin American countries have been subject to many changes ever since the American continent was discovered. These changes have mainly affected the economy, culture and power changes these countries have suffered throughout the years. According to Jon Charles Chasteen on his book “Born in Blood & Fire” During the twentieth century, there were three main events that changed the course of Latin American countries and their economies. These three events were, the emergence of nationalism, the end of World War II, and the Cuban revolution. However, in my point of view, the event that created more impact in Latin America and the future of these countries has been Cuban Revolution. It is not a secret that the Cuban Revolution created a big impact to the country’s future, unfortunately this revolution not only changed Cuba, but also the entire region of Latin America.
The cause of the Spanish Empire’s rage was the unfairness, restrictions on trade, and the inspiration of other revolutions making the countries want their freedom back. The French invasion of Spain led to the creation of the Spanish Empire, or the “New World,” which result in the fate of Spain falling into the hands of Europe, and as a result, multiple countries suffered under Europe’s unfair and controlling power. For example, “By the end of the eighteenth century, there were increased complaints in colonial South America against Spanish rule.” (Bushwell) Many countries started to feel as though they were neglected, and there was economic exploitation on them leading to the countries pleading for independence.
What gains their ground so sensational is Latin America's history of populist financial aspects. "Macroeconomic unsteadiness has long been a striking highlight of the Latin American economies," compose market analysts Dombusch and Edwards. "Inflationary upheavals, equalization of installments emergencies, and agonizing adjustment endeavors
Throughout history, as we study Spain we can clearly recognize high and low points in their success. In the fifteen hundreds Spain had no influence on European affairs, Spain essentially vanished out of Europe. However, within one complete century Spain had become not only a leading power but they also had a great sense of effectiveness in Europe. Spain experienced a Golden age with many social, economic, political aspects. On the other hand, within
Lately, the international financial integration has increased. Over the years, the world economy has witnessed an increase in the number of individuals and businesses using international banking services. In today’s competitive global economy banks have the option to solely service their home market, to export services to foreign markets, or to establish a presence in that market. Essentially, banks have two options of expanding their operations in foreign markets. They can either service foreign clients through their domestic offices or they can establish a presence in the foreign markets. In general, the reasons for bank internationalization in
BBVA Compass is a subsidiary of the Spanish mega-bank, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, which is the second largest bank in Spain and operates out of over 30 countries. Having this powerful parent company is beneficial to BBVA Compass, especially because 49% of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria’s revenue derives from the Americas (South America, Central America, and the US). Because of this, BBVA Compass is exceptionally vital to them.
Under the Franco regime, the economy was based on the model of autarky (Lieberman, 1995, p. 17), or the idea of self sufficiency within the country. During this time, our economy was fairly closed off to the rest of the world. The PMAE plans to change this model, and introduce a system of capitalism. We believe that trade with other countries will be fiscally beneficial, as well as improve international relations by showing that Spain wants to interact with other countries, instead of being closed off as we previously were. A new system of capitalism will help to lessen the debt of the country, and will help pull Spain out of its current recession.
According to empirical studies by Moshirian (2001), which discovered determinants of US FDI in banking industries, the primary factors which have influence on the activity of foreign banking in American includes the market volume of host country, the cost of investment capital cost, relative economic growth, bilateral trade, taxation, interest rates, exchange rates and FDI in non-finance industries. However, the study, which discriminates between the abroad activities of banks and FDI in banking by banks and non-banks, indicated that exchange rate is a crucial element of FDI expansion in banking because of currencies appreciates. In addition,