The String Theory Paper

explain the universe in terms of nine key questions. In pursuit of answers to these questions,

1. The original Big Bang model had three major problems. The 'fix' that solved them is known as _________.

A theory is an explanation of why or how things are related to each other (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Additionally, a theory is defined as a plausible or scientifically acceptable principle, or a body of principles, offered to explain phenomena (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017). Furthermore, crime theories examine and attempt to identify relationships among humans, criminal behavior, and specific factors such as biological factors, psychological factors, sociological factors, and economic factors (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Since we have defined a theory, let us further discuss how theories are created beginning with the components of a theory.

The universe is a complex place to live in. There are simple objects such as rocks that consist of only one material, but there are also complicated living organisms like humans living amongst the simplicity. But, how did this all come to be 13.8 billion years ago? Historians and scientists have given different perspectives as to how the universe came to existence. However, as time went on, a new idea has been proposed called big history. Big history “attempts to reconstruct the history of the whole time, back to the very beginning of the universe” (Christian, Brown, Benjamin). Big history is all encompassing and involves perspectives from science and history. The big history narrative is divided into sections called thresholds. There are

For thousands of years, philosophers and astronomers have been trying to determine the origin of our universe. The twentieth century proved to be a time of intense research in the fields of astronomy and physics. While science still searches for the solution uniting general relativity and quantum mechanics, some astrophysicists have conjectured about the implications of quantum gravity for the universe’s existence. The most exotic objects in our universe, black holes, may hold the key to the creation of our universe. Physicist Lee Smolin has been one of the most prominent theorists in this area of astrophysics. Smolin’s theory of cosmological natural selection attempts to explain the origin of our universe and its fundamental

The Higgs boson is the particle that gives weight to other particles. The Higgs Boson is a particle within the standard Model of physics. It creates weight by interacting with other particles; the more it interacts, the heavier it is. We have a tendency to consider mass as ingrained  importance of all things, however the majority of  physicists consider that without the Higgs boson, mass fundamentally doesn’t exist. Without the higgs boson nothing would exist, this is due to the fact that everything has mass, even miniscule molecules weigh something. The Higgs Boson is not heavy itself(as it is a particle - particles are profoundly diminutive) but depending how much it interacts with the particles around it, determines how heavy the particles within the higgs field is. This was all a theory since 1964 until scientists at CERN used the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) to find the theory of the Higgs Boson to be a real particle. The particle decays almost instantaneously so scientists at CERN are trying to slow down the process of decay and evaluate the process. We have a tendency to consider mass as ingrained  importance of all things, however the majority of  physicists consider that without the Higgs boson, mass fundamentally doesn’t exist. There are 17 particles within the standard model of physics. Fundamental particles are the components of matter, called fermions. Bosons are the particles that create interactions. There are twelve dubbed fermions, therefore

The definition of theory and concept in the scientific field is different than in society. According to John Wacker “Authors usually agree that the goal of ‘good’ theory is a clear explanation of how and why specific relationships lead to specific events” (Wacker, 1998, p. 364). Scientists use theories to explain scientific experiments (Bradford, 2015). That is, theory is an explanation of a relationship or an experiment process. Daniel little states a theory as “One or more hypotheses about causal mechanisms and processes” (little, 2010). We usually say that we have a theory if we got an idea.

It is not uncommon for scientists to encounter a problem that cannot be explained. As a result, scientists use another fundamental process that is

provides a unique set of systems that cannot be adequately described by many of these theories.

According to Haralambos and Holborn (2008), a theory is a set of ideas which attempts to explain how something works.

The concept of creation has boggled human’s minds for centuries. Human nature has an intuitive sense of longing for an answer to solve the unknown, and creation embodies the concept of unknown. In an effort to compile reason and scientific knowledge, an explanation of the formation of the universe was formed and is widely known as The Big Bang Theory. The Big Bang Theory is considered, “…the leading scientific explanation for the formation of the universe” (Howell). The Big Bang Theory articulates that before this event there was nothing; and after it there was something. This suggestion to how the universe was created was originally born from the sighting that the surrounding galaxies are moving away from our own at an immense speed as if they had been propelled by some force (Howell). The standard theory states that the entire universe originated as a condensed, infinitely pressured, singularity, which defies the laws of today’s understanding of physics. It is a misconception this event occurred as an explosion; rather it resembled more of an expansion. At one moment there was nothing in existence and in the following, the universe expanded as a balloon would, from a sub atomic particle, to all that it is today. This notion of how the universe was created, is nothing more than a shot into the dark, literally, and holds no validity.

it is important to understand what Big Bang Theory (BBT) is and is not. Contrary to the common perception, it is not a theory about the origin of the universe. Rather, it describes the development of the universe over time. This process is often called "cosmic evolution". Over the last several decades the basic picture of cosmology given by BBT has been generally accepted by astronomers, physicists and the wider scientific community. However, no similar consensus has been reached on ideas about the ultimate origin of the universe. This remains an area of active research and some of idea current ideas are discussed below. That said, BBT is nevertheless about origins

Through out history, several changes have taken place in physics with the governing equations and fundamental principles being developed by several scientists in a view of understanding the way our universe works or even created. The evolution of physics from relying on the Newtonian Model, to gravity and currently to string theory means that discoveries in particle physics are still ongoing in an effort to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics.

Basically, String theory based on the fact that the dimensions relative to you may be different from that of some other creature. Let's see how.

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