The Structure And Function Of Hepatitis B : The Fibrosis Analysis

Hepatitis B is a disease that basically attacks the liver. Hepatitis B is a transmitted disease, meaning you can't get hepatitis B unless a persons bodily fluids has been transmitted from one person to another who isn't affected. You can get hepatitis B by also doing common things that doesn't seem like not a big deal, but leads to a big effect later on. For example, you can get hepatitis B by using another person's razor because if you cut yourself with it and they cut themselves with it as well it could lead to infection and easily into your body. Also by sharing dirty needles and being tattooed and that's's why it is very important to make sure everything is completely sanitized no matter what it is. Depending how badly it is you could cause

Hepatitis B is a major health concern that has plagued the world since the dawn of time. While the disease is the most prevalent in third-world countries, it is still prominent in America today despite modern technology and an effective vaccine being available since 1982.1 In order to control the spread of Hepatitis B, or HBV, it’s important for one to understand a few things: the physiology of Hepatitis B, how the disease is spread, and what can be done to prevent HBV from claiming more lives.

This can also increase the risk of liver cancer. Approximately 90-95% of adults will recover within six months and not contact HBV again.(2) However, blood tests will always show that the person was infected with HBV and blood banks will not accept their blood. About 5-10% of adults and 25-90% of children under the age of 5 that are infected with HBV are not able to get rid of the virus after 6 months. These people are considered to be chronically infected, commonly called Hepatitis B carriers. The carrier rate of Hepatitis B varies throughout the world, being uncommon amongst westerners, but reaching as high as 20% in people from Asia and Africa. With the immigration of foreigners into new countries, Hepatitis B is now becoming established in parts of countries where it previously was not.

A bloodmobile searched for gay volunteers for the experiments, 10,000 men gave blood samples and the experimenters found that ½ were positive for Hepatitis B. But only 1,000 were inoculated with a suspected contaminated batch.

So what is Hepatitis B and what causes it? This is a liver disease that is normally spread through person to person via contact with the following: blood, semen, body fluids from a person with the virus. Most commonly, this disease unfortunately is spread from the mother to her

from Hepatitis. It was called HBsAG which stands for Hepatitis G Surface Antigen. Then they came out with

Haemophilus influenza was first identified by Pfeiffer in 1892, who believed it was the cause of influenza. He identified this during an epidemic. It was called the “influenza bacillus” Eventually; the error of this diagnostic association was recognized. According to the government website on diseases, the organism was given the genus name Haemophilus, meaning “blood-loving,” and the species name influenza in recognition of the historical association. Haemophilus Influenza type b is commonly known as Hib.” Hib is a bacterium that can cause severe infections, particularly in young children. Despite its name, it is unrelated to the influenza virus” (MacNeil,Jessica) : Hib was found in a group of patients during an influenza outbreak in 1892,

It’s all something that they’ve heard about, but do they really know as much about the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) as they think? HBV is a virus that attacks the liver, which can cause lifelong infections and other serious diseases (CDC, 2014). HBV is spread in multiple ways and is more life threatening than people realize. Explaining HBV requires much understanding about the virus, so to start out, pathophysiology will be the first topic, then into clinical manifestations, medical management, nursing interventions, and to finish off with a conclusion of the disease. Surprisingly enough, there isn’t enough awareness about this virus as would be expected. It’s a very serious and potentially deadly disease that goes unspoken of.

Host factor – Human, is the only host for HBV. (immune status, age, vaccination status play important role for susceptibility of virus.).As was mentioned above, most common HBV is perinatal transmission (from mother to infant at birth).HBsAg and HBeAg positive mother will have infected the baby. But risk only about 10 % - if mother only HBsAg positive. About 90% of baby HBV will progress to chronic form. When,

Houghton, M., n.d., Virtual Lab 9: Discovering the Virus Responsible for Hepatitis C, Chiron Corporation, http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/raven6/lab9/labs/lab9/exp1/index.html, June 28,

Hepatitis B virus was discovered by the man Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, a Nobel Prize winning biochemist, in 1963 with the help of some of his colleagues and later help discover a helpful vaccine to fight the harmful virus (nytimes). Blumberg looked into studying the inherited traits to see if it could make more or less people to get the Hepatitis B virus (CEVHAP). Hepatitis B can be spread without the person knowing by open wound and can survive at least a week outside its host. Hepatitis is the 10th leading cause of death in the past few years. The virus is found throughout the world and it will continue to spread rapidly.

Hepatitis B is transmitted when blood, semen, or another body fluid from a person infected with the Hepatitis B virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment, or even from mother to baby at birth. For some people, hepatitis B is an acute, or short-term, illness but for others, it can become a long-term, chronic infection. In addition, some people, especially adults, are able to clear, or get rid of the virus without treatment. People who clear the virus become immune and cannot get infected with the Hepatitis B virus

Individuals with inactive hepatitis B surface antigen are referred to as chronic carriers. These individuals may not show clinical signs of the disease. They do not exhibit raised levels of AST and ALT, but they tend to have low viral loads (Zein & Edwards, 2009). Individuals with HBeAg positive or negative tend to exhibit higher viral loads and they are both contagious (Zein & Edwards, 2009). Individuals who are HBeAg negative do not have the antigen themselves, but are still able to spread the disease to others. Individuals who have resolved chronic hepatitis B are less likely to develop liver cancer or cirrhosis and their AST, ALT, and

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that affects the liver and belongs to the Hepadnaviridae group (Takkenberg, Weegink, Zaaijer, & Reesink, 2010). According to an article in Vox Sanguines, an international journal of transfusion medicine, (Takkenberg, Weegink, Zaaijer, & Reesink, 2010) “about 400 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV, and 2 billion people have serological evidence of past or present HBV infection”. HBV, formerly known as serum hepatitis (Huether & McCance, 2008), has eight genotypes (A-H) with genotype D being associated with viral or acute hepatitis B and prevalent mainly in Europe, North Africa, and the United States

The CDC or Center for Disease Control and Vaccination and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants, children, and teenagers up to the age of 18 receive the HBV vaccination. The HBV vaccination is also an option to go to for people who have diabetes or/and at a high risk to be infected. In addition, Hepatitis B can be prevented by averting from other people’s body fluids and blood. Some precautions related to this are to don't share needles, toothbrushes, or razors with other people and wearing gloves when getting involved with touching needles and blood.