The Structure Of Development Of Brain

“In their natural homes in the wild, chimpanzees humans’ closest living genetic relatives”, who are more like us than they’re like gorillas are never separated from their families and troops . “Profoundly social beings, they spend every day together exploring, crafting and using tools to solve problems, foraging, playing, grooming each other, and making soft nests for sleeping each night” . They care deeply for their families and forge lifelong friendships . Chimpanzee mothers are loving and protective, nursing their infants and sharing their nests with them for four to six years . They have excellent memories and share cultural traditions with their children and peers . They empathize with one another and console their friends when they’re upset . They help others, even at a personal cost to themselves . When one of another

Various primates show ability in their environment, some concepts may exist to other than human species or it may not. The author explains in depth the certain behaviours that come with forms of communication. Throughout this article, understanding the behavioural reasoning to observe predictions from one another. Social environment has been said to be suggested to represent the components. This mainstream article published online has a brief report and explains the facts by categories and only facts not opinions or comments. The specific format which describes the details right away and by the following paragraphs that help me understand it easier because it is not hard to read, the concept is right then and there. I like the fact that this article demonstrates the behavior of primates in formats that are understandable and can represent debate lies. Within assumption the examples given of behavior were simply a chimpanzee trying to go up a tree. A few chimpanzees took different roles tring to help each other up a tree. Experiments are said to look for evidence for primate subjects not just performing an act but also understanding

Primates are one of the most interesting mammals on earth, not only because of their complex social structures, but because they hold so many similar characteristics to humans. Primates are often cited as our closest living relatives and on two separate occasions I observed four separate species of primates at the San Diego Zoo that can justify their use of their physical characteristics and behaviors that may be similar as well as different to the other primates and ours.

Despite a lack of scientific academic education, Jane Goodall’s work on the chimpanzees made revolutionary breakthrough in the field of understanding chimpanzee behavior. It was all made possible by her firm belief on her unconventional methods which academics in the field eyed with cynicism and felt was pointless. Such pessimistic outlook on her efforts from established academics did not blight her morale; instead she carried on with her methods of analyzing the chimpanzee population with full enthusiasm and self belief.

Within this essay, we will study more in depth the behavioral as well as physical traits of two primates at a zoo from their interaction with their peers to their place in the group. This observation would enable us to further understand the possible existing correlation between humans and primates. First, I studied a female chimpanzee with her baby, and then, a dominant male gorilla, in San Francisco Zoo at about noon, on May 23, 2015, for an hour each. Even though they share some similarities such as having a large brain, living for a long time, and being bored in their enclosure, they are still different; when gorillas are the largest, chimpanzees are the smartest. In fact, chimps use tools to catch food, they would not be able to reach

1. The social structure and behavior of chimps in their communities or troops suggest many questions. What research questions might Dr. Hahn and her associates ask?

Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees “patrol” near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent

These social behaviors with both these primates can be connected to human social behaviors. Humans are considered to be male dominant species that in certain cases civilization required males to abuse women to assert their male dominance. Also, there are times when two different civilizations collided there was usually warfare due to this interaction. Intercourse for the human species is also not used for just reproduction but also for pleasure and in some instances to solidify relationships. Although, there are other social factors that separate human’s social behavior and the primates. Such as appears being a mainly a main factor, but also bonobo mothers breast-feeds her child for five year while human are for two years. Another variant of social behaviors between primates and humans comes from an experiment done with bonobos. A scientist held two pieces of pipe, that can fit into once another, but the scientist porously fails to attach the pipes together in front of bonobos to see if the bonobo can insert

The experiment involved separating infant rhesus monkeys from their mother and providing a surrogate made of either soft cloth or wire (Harlow, 1958). The infant monkeys were not physically harmed, but the stress from open-field tests and the effect on attachment is emotionally harmful. This experiment would never be ethical on human children because it involves separating the child from their mother and experimenting with their attachment and love of their parent. It is also questionable if the actions and reactions of the rhesus monkeys can be directly applied to humans. Harlow claims that the bonding and affection responses of the monkeys and humans are the same, yet I believe there should be more research to compare the responses of humans versus those of rhesus monkeys. After all, one cannot apply the actions and responses of dogs to those of cats, even though biologically they too are rather

According to (Woolfolk & Margetts, 2013), the brain begins to mature even before birth and it continues to mature throughout life. According to (Jetha & Segalowitz, 2012) all the brain functions do not mature at the same rate. A child with highly advanced verbal skills may develop gross and fine motor control more slowly and have trouble learning to write clearly (Jetha & Segalowitz, 2012). Learning differences are also related to genetics, temperament and environment (Thierry, 2008). As child born it has a function govern like their heartbeats, eating and sleeping.

The beginnings of conspecific care are currently unknown; however, researchers do note that other primates, including chimpanzees, participate in altruistic care of conspecifics (Hublin, 2009). Hublin (2009) decided to compare the Neanderthal SH14 and Salé specimens to data collected on chimpanzee behavior. SH14 was an individual that did not make it to adulthood due to cranial malformation and would have required constant aid to stay alive for as long as it did. The Salé specimen was a young adult female that suffered from cranial distortion and muscular trauma (Hublin, 2009). Both specimens would have relied on relatives or peers to

Another way humans are similar to other species is that just like humans, other species recognize that citizens within their species have different thoughts, opinions, and information as well. This was proven by a study conducted on chimpanzees on two different sides of a screen, who used theory of mind. “The Golden Rule”, is no longer unique to humans. Researchers found that bats use a “tit for tat” method when deciding if they are going to cooperate within a communal feeding system among a community of mother bats feeding each other’s babies. Empathy is also no longer unique to humans. When studying chimps, de Wall discovered that a victim of bullying is comforted in the chimp community. While studying chimps, (First case) de Wall noticed that a smaller chimp that went to threaten a group of leader chimps gets beat up,

Although the view that "morality stems from biological phenomenon within us" goes against some religion authority, the chimpanzees' innate behaviors of cooperation and pursuing

Research by Yamamoto, Humle and Tanaka in 2009 concluded that chimpanzees show altruism only when prompted or pressured rather than voluntarily [5]. This particular empirical research challenges the evidence proposed by prior researchers and tests the limits of chimpanzee’s altruistic nature. Using colour-coded tokens, one of which allowed for a partner to share the reward with the test subject and one of which gave the test subject all of the reward, several chimps were tested as to their response. Results showed a tendency for the chimpanzee to take the prosocial option in situations both with and without peer pressure. Abnormally results showed that pressure or harassment from partners reduced the chimpanzee’s inclination to take the prosocial option. Although these results challenge prior research [5] they are limited as they are not conclusive and raise questions of their own to reach a complete understanding. These research results are significant in challenging an already established understanding of chimpanzee’s altruistic traits and acts as a good contrast to other references. This resource stands out as it does not make conclusive statements out of abnormal results but rather opens up a reader’s opinion and presents issues further

In this class I did not expect to become so intrigued about early life and the growth of how early hominids developed. I thought that I was taught most of how we early humans developed and came to be. Realizing that I did not I looked deeper into the study of different types of monkeys, apes, and gorillas, especially the study Dian Fossey did on Titus. With this study it began to separate how us humans and primates use altruistic behaviors. Figuring out the different motives humans and primates had and how they came to interact between there communities I began to see we have behaviors that are similar. Although altruistic behaviors has to do with relatives and their families, I see that those behaviors can be used even when there is no