The Structure Of The Integumentary System

Rheumatoid arthritis affects the joints in the wrists and knuckles, though it may occur in any joint. It spreads throughout the body and damages connective tissues and organs. It will eventually, if unchecked, stiffen the joints in deformed positions. In this disease inflamed tissues erode the bones and cartilage.

Identify at least five organ systems in this region of the arm that the surgeon would have

The inflammation that occurs can cause wear and tear. Thus, the inflammation causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and, limited range of motion. This then leads to wear down of the bone and destroys cartilage. It also affects the body’s biggest organ: Skin. Rashes occur in in various places of the body. Some, even develop Raynaud’s phenomenon, which is a condition of the skin on the ears, nose, fingers, and toes. They turn numb and pale or purple when exposed to cold.

1. Name and describe the function of each major organ system in the body. a. Integumentary system – The integumentary system consists of the hair, skin, and nails and is the largest organ in the human body. It acts as a protector of the deeper body systems, maintains and regulates body temperature, and helps to eliminate waste and toxins from the body. It also senses touch and pressure as well as temperatures and pain.

The integumentary system has five very common diseases. They include, Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis, Warts, Dermatitis or Eczema, and Athlete’s Foot. Only two out of the five are contagious, but all are or can become severe if not treated immediately or properly.

Sarcoidosis in the bones, joints, and muscles cause muscle weakness, arthritis in ankle, knees, elbows, wrists, hand and feet. About one fourth of cases have the disease on their eyes, the signs and symptoms are soreness, burning, itching, red eyes, sensitivity to light,dryness, and seeing black spots.

Have you ever realised how amazing our skin is? It's waterproof, stretchy, very durable and keeps our whole body in one piece. It's also the largest organ in our body. Can you imagine if we didn't have any skin? All of our organs would just fall all over the place. Your hair, nails, skin, sweat glands, and oil glands are all part of the integumentary system. By definition, your integumentary system is a complex group of tissues working together to ensure your survival.

Most of the time when we think about this disease we immediately think about the joint damage but this disease can affect multiple areas within the body. Pericarditis can occur during a severe flare which can interfere with the hearts ability to work well. Also, a decrease in red blood cells can occur which leads to anemia. Thrombocytosis is another complication in which the inflammation leads to increased levels of platelets within the blood. This can cause clotting and lead to strokes. Within the lungs another possible complication is that of pleurisy which causes breathing to be a painful process. Rheumatoid arthritis can cause nodules to form on the lungs and the heart as well which can lead to a variety of complications. Susceptibility to infection is a great concern, not only because of the disease itself but usually the immune suppressing medicines that treat it. This disease also causes many problems within the eyes. Inflammation of the sclera and Sjogren’s Sydrome can occur which can lead to dry, red, irritated and painful eyes. In the skin, nodules and vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) can

Joints may freeze in one position and cannot bend or open fully. The fingers may dislocate from their normal position toward the little finger on each hand, causing tendons in the fingers to slip out of place (Slomski, pg 1557).

Dermatitis is a general term that describes an inflammation of the skin. There are different types of dermatitis, including seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Although the disorder can have many causes and occur in many forms, it usually involves swollen, reddened and itchy skin. (www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/dermatitis-000048.htm)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect any joint where two bones meet, causing them to painfully swell and possibly result in dislocation of the joints. This is caused from the synovial membrane being inflamed leading to cartilage and bone destruction. This can make simple functions of everyday living extremely difficult such as buttoning a shirt, turning a key in a lock, or holding a drinking glass. Common deformity of rheumatoid arthritis of the hand joints are swan neck which affects the proximal joints and fingers are locked stiff is such position, and ulnar drift; where the phalanges curve outward towards the ulnar bone. Symptoms may include stiffness of joint(s) in the morning, warmth, tenderness,

The stiffness is usually worse the first thing in the morning, or after one has been resting. RA sometimes presents other symptoms known as extra-articular (meaning outside of the joints) those include: small painless nodules over the skin commonly seen in the elbows and forearms, inflammation around the tendons (this happens because the tissue that covers the tendons are similar to the synovium around the joints), anemia and tiredness. Rarely inflammation develops in other parts of the body such as the lungs, heart, blood vessels or eyes. For example RA effects the eye in several ways, inflammation of the episclera and the eye can become red and painful, in some cases an individual can develop scleritis which is more serious and causes inflammation of the white of the eye that can cause vision

Scleroderma is a broad term used to describe a spectrum of disorders identified by skin fibrosis (Succaria, Kurban, Kibbi & Abbas, 2013). It is a serious condition that is classified as either being a systemic or localised autoimmune disease of collagen tissue impacting both internal and external organs (Oksel & Gündüzoğlu, 2014). Due to the vast divergency of this disease there will be brief discussion on the various forms of both systemic and localised scleroderma however, the main focus is to investigate findings based on localised scleroderma, delving into the knowledge of the conditions with particular focus on the aetiology of the disease and its clinical features, followed by differential diagnosis of how this condition can be misdiagnosed

My discussion paper for the Integumentary System was on Vitiligo. In this article, 75 people participated in a clinical study to develop self-help for social anxiety associated with vitiligo. Vitiligo is a skin disorder from the destruction of melanin producing cells that produce white patches on the skin. The point of this study was to see if assisting in teaching self-help intervention could reduce the psychological distress caused from this disease like social anxiety, anxiety and depression. The participants were emailed self-help leaflets, which was a part of an intervention, which discussed psychoeducation, relaxation and attentional refocusing. The first part of the Intervention was asking a series of questions before they were offered

The skin appears dehydrated, peele, irritated, and inflamed. It feels rough, scaly, sometimes painful, and itchy. Severe conditions may be characterized by intense redness and itchiness; the skin shows the tendency to crack, causing deep tissues that may bleed. If it does than that’s a sign of extremely dry skin. Severely dry skin is a feature of the inherited group of disorders called ichthyosis: the most common form of ichthyosis is defined ichthyosis vulgaris, characterized by fine scaling that’s most prominent over the legs and usually presents within the first few months of life.