The Study And Analysis Of Actual Language

Secondly, range of similarities and differences are perceived in the sets of rules constraining the language structure of Auslan and English. In comparison to English, sign languages are visual languages, hence it is distinct in modality and word-ordering structure (Damian, 2011). To illustrate, the words of spoken languages are delivered in a fairly linear pattern, both in time and on paper (Bejan, 2001). This linear sentence structure is observed in English, but the same is not demonstrated in Auslan. However, despite this distinction, the order of signs remains of importance to produce meaningful sentences. This is because Auslan conveys many grammatical features found in the English language at phonological, morphological and syntactic levels (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). An individual’s poor English grammar is attributed for sentence fragments. These poorly formed English sentences occur when a sentence lacks a subject, a verb or do not express a complete thought (Schuster, 2006). In the same manner, the wrong ordering of signs will affect the fluency of the language. For instance, the linear English sentence ‘many black cars have disappeared’ will be signed as MANY-BLACK-CAR-DISAPPEAR (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). In this example, it is important that the determiner (MANY) and adjective (BLACK) are situated before the noun (CAR) (Johnston & Schembri, 2007). This is done for the purpose of identifying the noun within the sentence, which subsequently lead to the formation

William Strunk Jr., an English professor at Cornell University in 1919 required his students to have the textbook The Elements of Style, written by William Strunk Jr. himself. It was referred to as the “little” book and was a forty-three-page summary of the case for cleanliness, accuracy and brevity in the use of English (Strunk & White, 2000). These rules are in the form of sharp commands, shining light on Sergeant Strunk’s personality and approach to teaching. E.B. White, a former student of Strunk, revised the book he was given, years after his professor passed away. White does not soften the direct orders of the original book, but “preserves the flavor of his discontent while enlarging the scope of the discussion” (Strunk & White, 2000 xiv). The Elements of Style provides the readers with a convenient reference for grammar, while emphasizing the importance of omitting needless words, using concrete language and active voice all in a suitable design.

Abstract. Word repetition is a feature that exists in all languages, and serves different purposes, rhetorical, emphatic, or otherwise. A problematic issue arises when a translation is attempted of repeated words in a target text. The dilemma is that owing to the different ways of expression and tools available to every language, what fits one language may prove absurd in another. When

The piece titled ‘getting our future back on the rails – slowly’ is written by a member of The Grow Slow organisation who believes that the most convenient occupant for the land of the abandoned railway yards is a community garden. The author begins the article in a confined toned aiming to convince the reader that a community garden is the right choice and later transfers on to a more critical tone when talking about convenient foods. The author’s main arguments include firstly that community gardens are a global trend and that their community should be one to follow such a trend, secondly a community garden will be beneficial to everyone and is the most efficient option and lastly community gardening will bring the whole community

The second level grammatical-rhetorical analysis aims to investigate the relationship between grammatical choice and rhetorical function in written English for science and technology. Discourse analysis as interaction represents the third level of language description. Most importantly, interactional analysis outlines the concept of interpretation of discourse by the reader or listener. Discourse analysis appears to have steadily moved from surface-level analysis to a deeper description of language use. However, in the context of language teaching for specific purposes, applied discourse analysis seems to represent a rather narrow description of language in use and is inadequate in its explanation. In order to introduce a thick description of language in use, it is necessary to combine socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspects of text-construction and interpretation with linguistic insights to answer the question: why are specific discourse-genres written and used by the specialist communities the way they are? Genre analysis as an insightful description of English for specific purpose texts has become a useful and powerful tool to arrive at significant form-function correlations which can be utilized for a number of applied linguistic purposes.

In most literature, syntax takes a standard form that most can recognize. Despite this standard form, the author still has a great deal of leeway in developing sentences to create moods and convey thoughts. The author may choose longer sentences or shorter sentences. He or she may use larger words that flow or shorter words that help break up the passage. The possibilities are virtually endless.

Our knowledge, not only the specific facts we observe and present but also the facts we remember, is influenced by the principle of selection. The process of selecting knowledge and highlighting that takes place when we put our knowledge into words to achieve the communicator. Since emphasis is simply given stress to subject and indicating what is important or less important, slanting by use of emphasis is unavoidable, both in speech and writing. Any knowledge that comes to us through words has been subjected to the double screening of the principle of selection and the slanting of language, so much of our information comes to us selected and

Strayed’s use of descriptive imagery allows her to effectively convey her message. Throughout the memoir, Cheryl communicates the life lessons of focusing on the present and being happy about the little things in life. For example:

The biological maturation theory of language presupposes that the origin of a language problem is because certain regions of the brain are impaired at processing information for the use of language. This is based upon the belief that these macrostructures and microstructures of the brain are influenced by the genetic code and the environmental factors. If one of these influences is limiting the brain’s functioning during specific windows of opportunity, then these areas of the brain intended for language may not develop functionally. While the interaction of these factors (i.e., genes and the environment) can strengthen the brain processes, it can also limit these fundamental processes that are being developed according to the timing outline. Therefore, the child is presenting with a language problem due to the fact that specific regions, as well as more general cognitive areas, of the brain are not processing information needed for the acquisition of language.

In a study of linguistic realizations of rhetorical structure and authorial stance performed by Dzung Pho (2008), the results indicate that a combination of certain linguistic features such as grammatical subjects, verb tense and voice can help distinguish moves in the abstract.

In Pico Iyer’s essay, “In Praise of the Humble Comma”, the author examines the importance of punctuation in language. He specifically points out the use of the comma in writing and how it lacks respect. Even though it is such a small thing, the comma helps convey different emotions, maintain structure, and creates fluidity. He shows that punctuation is needed to understand a writer’s meaning and the overall message trying to be conveyed. He tries to persuade his audience to appreciate and to understand the grace and beauty of punctuation, especially the comma.

The present research paper dwells on contrastive analysis of pleonasm in Ukrainian and Anglophone political discourses. In political texts in general and speeches in particular, ideas and ideologies need to be conveyed through language, words and expressions are used in different ways to affect the meaning. Language system has great potential of redundant language means which can be imployed in speech in various ways. Redundancy in representing meanings of notions is a basis for a pleonasm. Elements which at the first sight lack meaningful load may contribute to coherence and cohesion of a text, underlining and justifying its main idea. Difficulty of defining pleonasm as a language phenomenon causes its ambiguous interpretation in modern linguistics.

Ellipsis of subjects also occurs in spoken English, but it normally in a set phrase. For example, people often say “see you tomorrow” rather than “I will see you tomorrow.” Moreover, due to grammatical requirement, not every sentence in English can omit the subject. Although sometimes the sentence is still understandable without the subject, the meaning will become ambiguous. Compare with English, ellipsis of subjects is more common in spoken Mandarin Chinese. Unlike English, it does not have any grammatical restriction and can be used in any sentence. Therefore, In order to have a better understanding of ellipsis of subjects and objects in Mandarin Chinese, I use examples from video recording that I recorded in an apartment. There are two participants in the video and both of them are native Chinese speaker. Two participants know each other very well, and the conversation topic is about the Animation class that female speaker takes this quarter.

The types of texts that are distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of the communication are called functional styles of language (FS); the special media of language which secure the desirable effect of the utterance are called stylistic devices (SD) and expressive means (EM). ' . .

I. Introduction Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationships between linguistic behavior and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition. Psycholinguistics covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentences out of vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as the processes that make it possible to understand utterance, words, text, etc. One of the areas of psycholinguistics is concerned with how human beings produce spoken language. Aphasia is one of the difficulties encountered by some people, especially young.