The Study of Dark Matter

Several hundred thousands years after the Big Bang, the stars began to light up the dark universe. As the universe expanded, it got colder and darker and less like a place that might produce things like heavier chemicals, plants, and animals. This period of the history of the universe was called the Dark Ages. During the Dark Ages, a lot of atoms was flowing through space, which contained 75% hydrogen with one portion and about 25% helium with two protons. Some areas in the universe were just slightly hotter and denser than others, and gravity magnified those differences. As gravity increased, the whole thing was clumping faster. At the center of each of those clouds of atoms, atoms began to bang into each other more violently and heat up particularly

The visible universe- including Earth, the sun, other stars, and galaxies is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons bundled together into atoms (National Geographic, 2012). Astronomers use the term ‘baryonic’ to refer to all objects made of normal atomic matter, essentially ignoring the presence of electrons (Swinburne University, 2015). Baryons interact with each other through gravity, nuclear forces and the electrostatic force. These interactions are what allow baryonic matter (such as stars) to emit light (Grocutt, 2012). One of the most surprising discoveries of the 20th century was this ordinary, or baryonic, matter makes up less than 5 percent of mass of the universe. The rest of the universe appears to be made of a mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter (25 percent) and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy (70 percent) (National Geographic, 2012).

The particles include photinos, neutrinos, gravitinos, axions, and magnetic monopoles, among many others. Of these, researchers have detected only neutrinos -- and whether neutrinos have any mass remains unknown. Experiments are under way to detect other exotic particles. If they exist, and if one has a mass in the correct range, then that particle might pervade the universe and constitute dark matter.

Astronomers believe there is enough dark matter in the universe to slow its expansion gradually toward a stop.

“Introduction to Poetry” and “Traveling Through the Dark,” are poems written by Billy Collins and William Stafford. The poem’s, “Introduction to Poetry”, main conflict is a teacher who tries to get his students to read and appreciate a poem, but what all the students only care about is figuring out what it means. The conflict is highlighted through the many uses of metaphors to help us understand how he wants the students to look and decipher a poem and how they only focus on finding the meaning instead of taking their time to listen and see the art of poetry. William Stafford’s poem, “Traveling Through the Dark,” describes a driver’s dilemma of deciding whether to throw a dead pregnant deer into the river, or leave it laying on the road where it can cause an accident. In both poems, the use of literary devices such as metaphors, personification, imagery, and diction are effective in making and building up the conflict and reaching the resolution.

Crystal Pite professional choreographic journey took off in 1990, at Ballet British Columbia. Over the past twenty-sex years Pite has created over forty works for different companies. Choreographer Pite founded Kidd Pivot in 2002. According to Kidd Pivot organization, “In 2002, she formed Kidd Pivot in Vancouver. Integrating movement, original music, text, and rich visual design, Kidd Pivot’s performance work is assembles with recklessness and rigour, balancing sharp exactitude with irreverence and risk.” (Kidd Pivot Organization). Kidd Pivot has a unique language for all of their choreographed works. Their movement is considered classical with freedom that allows their movement to be free on stage. According to KPO, “The Company’s distinct

Dark Matter is a very interesting book that I would recommend you to read. The author of Dark Matter has both assimilation and tolerance in the book. In the book tolerance is used by Jason having to survive in different situations. At one point in the book he goes to a world that is covered in snow. He built tolerance to the cold and was able to carry Amanda to a cabin and survive. But also has assimilation sprinkled in. Jason had to adapt to his doppelgangers and their worlds.

In the beginning when darkness ruled the universe hideous daemons reined the planet for several millennia till the light caused the daemons to vanish, which lead to believe they were destroyed.

The properties of regular matter include a composition of neutrons, protons, and electrons; it can be seen and touched. The properties of dark matter are unknown; dark matter cannot be seen, touched, interact with light, or produces radiation. Dark energy is also an unknown entity, but it is considered a form of energy. Dark energy is also known as the energy of nothing or the energy of empty space. Even so the big bang theory is still widely accepted among people as the start of the universe

Orion was just coming back from the Ozone Layer, at Earth, and felt an odd presence. He couldn’t think of what it might’ve been, so he kept on flying to the Cosmos. As he arrived to the Cosmos, he checked on every type of energy. There was an energy that has never been active before. It was Dark Energy. He siphoned the energy, but it would show two photos. Pitch-black darkness and himself.

Zero-Dark-Thirty. CHEETAH started to complete the positioning of his plane. He would be the tip of our V formation. “Birds are ready to fly the coop,” his voice relayed to the tower and I heard it through my headset.

Dark voids of weakness and disappointment drown all people at some point in their life. Dream - grasping is halted by issues we do not think we can overcome, but sometimes it is those problems that give a push we did not know was needed. One’s life can be influenced by hardships because they can learn from the mistakes endured.

Astronomers are still in the hunt of the Dark energy and dark matter but they haven’t found none. They are undetectable which makes it

Definition of matter was a big controversy in science. Approximately two and third millennium ago, the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 BC -322 BC) wrote that matter consist of fire, wind, earth and water and that different compounds are obtained by different combinations of these elements (Laycock, 1979). Around 2000 years after that and through many contributions from many scientists, William Odin categorised the elements based on their atomic number and stated that these elements combine with one another to create different compounds (Scerri, 2007). At present, around 100 elements react with one another to form thousands of known and unknown compounds. However in the last century, it was found that these elements and compounds only represent 4.9% of the universe. The other 95% is dark matter (26.8%) and dark energy (68.3%) (Francis, 2013). This means that scientists spent more than two millennia trying to understand the smallest portion of the universe. Hence, scientists are new to the concept of dark matter and dark energy. So what is dark matter and dark energy that represent the majority of the universe and what are the theories that illustrates their behaviour in the universe, causing dark matter and dark energy be accepted hypothesis to explain the different observation?

- A ram, a boar and a bull ritually garlanded, led around the outer perimeter of the camp