The Subjectivity Of Terrorism In The 21st Century

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

There are many differing definitions of terrorism. What is terrorism? How do we define it? Why is one man’s terrorist another man’s freedom fighter? These are just a few of the questions that face the world on a daily basis. There are many challenges that face the international community when it comes to how to define terrorism and what it constitutes. This paper will explore the challenges facing scholars when it comes to labeling terror and discuss potential ways to properly define it.

Terrorism is a significant and recurring situation that has changed the lives of people around the world, overwhelming them with fear and uncertainty of their future. It has become part of our daily lives today as we are still fighting wars to resolve many of the issues that began with the 9/11 attacks on the United States. Terrorism does not have a definitive definition but must meet certain conditions for it to be considered terrorism. There has to be a reason for an act that is deemed political, and it must affect the lives of innocent people, putting a sense of fear into them (Combs, Slann, “Terrorism”). Not only may the reason behind an act be political, but it could also be seen as religious as well (Sterba). Since the 9/11 attacks, terrorism

Terrorism is defined as the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion. It’s a problem that the United States and other countries have dealt with since before 9/11 but more significantly afterwards. On September 11, 2001, there was a series of four attacks by the Islamic terrorist group known as al-Qaeda. Two planes crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and a third crashed into the Pentagon, which houses the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in Virginia. There was a fourth plane that was on track to Washington, D.C. but crashed into field in Pennsylvania. Several lives were lost, a total of 2,977 according to a CNN report. However 9/11 was only the beginning of terrorist attacks. Although 9/11 happened in the United Sates, terrorist attacks are felt worldwide and happen in countries other than the U.S. Recently, there have been terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. In 2015-16 alone there have been 10 known terrorist attacks in places such as Syria, Nigeria and Iraq, which doesn 't include the minuscule ones that the media doesn 't cover. I will describe the beginnings of terrorism. Second, I will show the influence of religion on terrorism, particularly Islam. Lastly, describe the effects of terrorism on different parts of the world and its causes.

The French Revolution’s aftermath during the 18th century sparked a vicious campaign against nobles who were seen as enemies of the newly formed state. The post-revolutionary government because of their series of mass executions was referred to as terror. The terror concept differs from the modern use of “terrorism” because the perpetrators are not usually governments and are instead nonstate actors (Lacquer, 2001). The word terrorism can be like the word globalism because it can be difficult to define because of the diversity of its meanings among different individuals and different groups. The continual transformation of the contexts in which the term is used causes difficulty in forming a distinctive meaning, but does not make it impossible to study the phenomenon as a distinctive form of political violence. Terrorism may differ from media outlets, governments, cultures, scholars, and readers. Examining the usage of the term thorough-out history will be a useful way to come to a conclusion as to the true meaning and definition of the term. Even though examples of terrorism can go back several millennia, studying the history of it will make it seem considerably new at this time and

The physical and symbolic attacks on the United States and its political and cultural powers that occurred on September 11, 2001 opened a new academic debate on the issue of terrorism. The abundant literature on the topic, which predominates in the West, reflects an unfaltering focus on Islam and the Muslims, attributing to them the adjective ‘terroristic’.

3.Terrorism is the threat of violence used to achieve a political or religious goal, it could be carried out by individuals or groups (“Briggle” 1)

As a preliminary to assess the appropriate place of terrorism in our politics of security, this essay therefore deems it necessary to account for the theoretical approach underlying the forthcoming arguments. Scholars belonging to orthodox terrorism studies have long been striving to agree upon an objective definition of terrorism, what which they consider an indispensable prerequisite for dealing with the issue as such (Ganor, 2002:287). Depending on the author in question, the definition of terrorism can range from including political violence to domestic violence and child abuse (Lum et.al, 2006:11). Though more narrowly defining terrorism can be considered beneficial in terms of making research and strategy development more straight-forward, the inherent value-based notion in such definitions results in it being seemingly impossible to reach consensus. Additionally, the tendency of attempting to reach a definition of terrorism based on single case studies leads orthodox terrorism studies to neglect the historical and contextual processes that can lead to terrorism (Jackson, Gunning & Smyth, 2007:7). This essay seeks to adopt a critical approach so as to place greater focus on which measures states can take in order to avoid the creation of conditions where terrorism can occur. Though one might argue that the term terrorism is

While these standards of comparison does not eliminate all the enigma, they enable us to answer some of the questions. Terrorism differs from ordinary crime in its political purpose and in its primary objective. The wide definition these philosophers adopt contain the word ‘violence’, which itself is a topic of endless debate. The crux of terrorism lies, however, in its motive and the modus operandi for their achievement.

Terrorism is defined as a threatened use of force by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction committed against persons or property (Terrorism 2002- 2005: FBI). Terrorism has opened to numerous interpretations, most of them being from conflicting point of views. Understanding the term terrorism is often difficult from a semantic point of view. Understanding it require a holistic and sensibility and is more realistically achieve through a relative cultural, political, and historical understanding of this phenomenon. This associate itself with the complexity of understanding terrorism in the terms of its distinction of criminal activities. Townshend (2002)

Terrorism is the use of violence, usually against “non-combatants” , in order to try and achieve political change. Terrorism has been extremely influential in recent decades, stemming from the post World War Two era by exploiting the new advances in the changing world arena, which has triggered states to amend their political agendas to try and focus more attention on the matter of terrorism. Using the dimensions of the world arena and how these have evolved, it is clear that terrorism reflects the changes that have been made, with terrorist groups facilitating them to the best of their ability.

Although terrorism has not always existed, it does come from an ancient tactic, it is ones and/or a group of individuals who believe in the same interest’s mode of communication, a special type of violence and asymmetrical warfare. Terrorism is different from regular crimes because of its strong political assets. The definition of terrorism varies from person to person, from what viewpoint they want to take it, and set for them. Individuals view this as a very sensitive subject, and their standpoints vary on what or who a “terrorist” actually is. One person’s terrorist can be another’s reason to fight for what they believe in, their supporters sometimes maybe the targeted audience.

The psychological oppression from terrorism is an issue which nations have been consistently looking to end. Terrorists, having fierce conduct, always keep in mind an end goal to make the general public feel threatened and vulnerable. Numerous times, terrorists use different methods to promote fear, rebellion and war signals. In spite of the fact forms of terrorism vary in kind and importance, one thing is essential to all; brutality. For example, unforgettable professionals of dread and savagery like Hitler, Mussolini and Mao are the perfect examples of one of the most violent acts of terrorism, but are not the kind of terror used today. How terrorism has evolved to the objective gathering for death and demolition of property through demonstrations of viciousness and a debased political

Terrorism is described as the wrongful use of violence to intimidate civilians or politicians for ideological, religious, or political reasons with no regard for public safety (Bloch, Hayley). Terrorism, used in Medieval Times to gain power and land, continues to be prevalent in a different way in today’s media. With modern sciences, technology and security have advanced. Although security has developed and we are learning more ways to protect ourselves, so has technology, allowing terrorist organizations to be ‘creative’ with their attacks. This advanced technology has caused the number of casualties due to terrorism to spiked since 2013 by 80% (Costa-Roberts, Daniel). Happening all over the world, at any given moment, people face this heinous crime intended to strike fear.

Terrorism by definition is difficult to describe and the definition tends to vary widely, but they usually start at a common point of departure. Most scholars, including Lutz, interprets terrorism as a ‘pejorative concept used to create power in situations in which power has previously been lacking.’ (Lutz et al. 2005)