The Supreme Court Of The United States

Juan Gonzalez discusses the historical relationship between Puerto Rico and the U.S. in Harvest of an Empire, interestingly enough the author’s family were a part of the surge of Puerto Ricans emigrated to New York in 1946. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris the Spanish-American War came to a close with Puerto Rico now under the control of the U.S. along with Cuba, Guam, and the Philippians. In 1900 the Foraker Act established Puerto Rico as a U.S. territory, but it had less autonomy than when under the control of Spain. The Foraker Act allowed the U.S. to dominate the economy of Puerto Ricans by replacing the peso with the dollar and not allowing for any outside commercial treaties. Challenges were unsuccessful with the dreadful ruling

Purpose: To encourage the US and Puerto Rican government to for more interest for Puerto Rico statehood.

In the Court’s highly fragmented decision, the justices attempted to define a proper balance of and boundary between federal and state authority: by arguing that state action constituted only those acts sanctioned by the state’s laws and by dismissing Section 20 for vagueness, the major block of dissenters suggested that the risk posed to state autonomy by federal intervention was too great; by recognizing the defendants’ actions as those perpetrated “under color of law” and by creating a “willful” test for acts under Section 20, the majority Opinion affirmed the federal government’s interest in protecting the rights of citizens from abuse by state authority, but provided it with a tenuous means for defending those liberties.

The life of every American citizen, whether they realize it or not, is influenced by one entity--the United States Supreme Court. This part of government ensures that the freedoms of the American people are protected by checking the laws that are passed by Congress and the actions taken by the President. While the judicial branch may have developed later than its counterparts, many of the powers the Supreme Court exercises required years of deliberation to perfect. In the early years of the Supreme Court, one man’s judgement influenced the powers of the court systems for years to come. John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, and as the only lasting Federalist influence in a newly Democratic-Republican

Many politicians have different views on what Puerto Rico should do. Should the island become a State, stay a Commonwealth, or become independent. Either way, it would benefit the island.

Thus, if Puerto Rico does clearly agree upon the process of statehood, it is Congress’ obligation to deliberately consider and potentially aid Puerto Rico into statehood, even if it occupies a copious amount of time and effort.

Sergio Hernandez Guereca was shot by Jesus Mesa Jr. in 2010 on the Mexico-United States border. Sergio was on the Mexican side while Mesa was on the American side. Sergio’s parents are now trying to sue Mr. Mesa in an American court. The Supreme Court is deciding whether the Guerecas can sue and if constitutional protections extend across the border. What implications would be made if the Guerecas are allowed to sue? What do those implications mean? Everything will be explained and clarified so you can understand this article better.

In the case of Anthony, a New Jersey resident and owner of a waste disposal company in the state of New Jersey, and his two business associates, Paul and Silvio, whom suffered severe injuries due to a motor vehicle accident caused by a negligent truck driver; they have great standing to sue against the neglectful driver and the company associated with the ownership of the vehicle. Regardless of the diversity of their residency/ citizenship, the affected party can proceed to sue the corporation responsible for the damages caused by their staff and property; reason being that they are protected under the Constitution’s diversity of citizenship, and the privileges and immunities clause. Furthermore, these two constitutional clauses in addition to the commerce clause, dictate the court that the matter needs to be brought to.

Repeatedly throughout history, the United State’s Supreme Court has changed their standing on labor laws, from supporting the right’s of employees to supporting the right’s of employers. In 1903, the Supreme Court concluded through Lochner v. New York that the government did not have the right to oversee businesses, but in 1908 the Supreme Court passed an unprecedented decision regarding labor laws. In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court alternatively sided with the workers and upheld restriction on working hours in a gendered argument based on the fact that the workers were women. On the surface, the decision was just, as it protected workers’ right, but in the long run the outcome was unjust; suggesting through gender formation, intersectionality, and structural sexism that superficially the decision was a progressive legislation but it masked misogynist values, preserved heteronormative ideals and perpetuated gender inequality.

Because of this case, the Supreme Court has established their abilities to review or investigate into the other two branches when determining if certain actions or laws are constitutional. This is one of the first cases where the system of “checks and balances” has come into play, which has helped set the rulings for all of the cases after this when regarding other

Six months after Hernandez’s death, Mesa was sued in Texas’ federal district court by Hernandez’s parents. The suit claimed Mesa violated the Fourth and Fifth amendments of the U.S. Constitution by using deadly force. Mesa’s defense moved to dismiss and argued that Hernandez lacked constitutional protection because he was an illegal alien, standing in Mexico when he was killed. The district court determined through a formalist test that the Constitution’s deadly-force protection does not stretch across the border for non-citizens. Upon this decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed in part and reversed in part and held that the Fifth Amendment protections against deadly force applied but not the Fourth Amendment protections. Furthermore, the court of appeals also held that Mesa was not eligible for qualified immunity.

THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES SHOULD AFFIRM THE LOWER COURT’S DECISION BECAUSE THE ASTON CITY PANHANDALING ORDINANCE IS A VALID, CONTENT-NEUTRAL TIME, PLACE, AND MANNER RESTRICTION OF SPEECH AND THEREFORE DOES NOT VIOLATE PETITIONERS FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHT. (Jerica Johnson)

The multi-national corporations that exist in Puerto Rico have invested in the island with the incentive of tax exemptions. Independence may alter that convenience and therefore multi-national corporations are against the independence movement. Even if Puerto Rico gains "independence" from the U.S. it will still not be true independence. The U.S. will

The politics of Puerto Rico takes place in the framework of a republican democratic form of government that is under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States as an organized unincorporated territory.

Puerto Rico has already developed a system of courts that is very similar to that of most states in the U.S., including municipal courts that have been merged with the court of first instance, an intermediate appellate court and a supreme court. Almost every state now has these four levels of courts, and the recent trend has included merging the municipal or limited jurisdiction courts with the general jurisdiction courts, and requiring their judges to be trained lawyers. Unlike most states, however, judges in Puerto Rico are appointed rather than elected and serve with lifetime tenure, as do those in the federal courts. There are no partisan or nonpartisan elections, retention elections or recall votes of the type that are so common in the fifty states. In addition, for four centuries the Puerto Rican legal system was based on the European or civil law model rather than the English common law, although over the decades it has become increasingly 'Americanized'. Initially, the U.S. legal system was widely regarded as a tool of imperial or colonial domination, especially since Puerto Rico never had any chance for independent development but went directly from being a Spanish colony to a U.S. one in 1898. Over time, however, Puerto Ricans of all classes gradually adopted this system and made it their own, particularly as the island began to urbanize and industrialize in the 1950s and 1960s and the demands on the court system increased greatly. Puerto Rico's