The Swarm Based Routing Algorithms

On Lieskovsky et al\cite{Lieskovsky}, the authors present a solution for data distribution and replication in VANET(Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks) that allows the perception the whole VANET system as a simple distributed database system. However, the

The objectives of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications are to avoid the vehicle crashes, to examine the technological issues that may affect this short range communications, characterise the communication needs of particular vehicle security applications, to monitor the vehicles that breaches the law etc.

ABSTRACT: An ad hoc network is a collection of nodes which are dynamically located in such a manner that their inter connections might change on continual basis. A routing protocol is required, to facilitate communication inside the network by discovering routes between the nodes. This research paper classifies various protocols and provides an overview about eight different protocols under varied categories.

MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a infrastructure less network and connected without wired in the network. It is self-determine in any direction and also changes the connections from one system to other system. The MANETs are mobile and is a type of wireless ad-hoc network that has routable networking on top of the link layer. It contained peer to peer file sharing, self-healing, and self-forming the network.

There are number of metrics which are helpful for deciding the efficiency of a protocol. In this work the parameters used to evaluate the efficiency of a protocol are the packet delivery ratio, packet statistics in the network and the throughput of the network. The protocols AODV and AODVBC are checked against these parameters for their performance. Packet delivery ratio of the network is improved as the mobility with respect to the number of nodes changes. Increase in the PDR (Packet delivery ratio is because of the less number of packet drops when AODVBC is used. Fig. 4 justifies the better performance of AODVBC routing protocol over AODV protocol in terms of less number of packets drop.

A VANET network is a subset of ad hoc networks where each mobile node is an intelligent vehicle equipped with communication resources (sensor). In vehicular networks, there are three modes of communication, communications Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), communications Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

A VANET network is a subset of ad hoc networks where each mobile node is an intelligent vehicle equipped with communication

Analysis of Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks: Review Shalabh Mishra Computer Science Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India shalabhgreat1@gmail.com Dipesh Rai Computer Engineering Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India dipeshrai111@gmail.com Shashank Dixit Computer Engineering Department IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad, India shiva.imsec@gmail.com Abstract—this paper attempts to describe a literature review of Wireless Sensor Network routing protocols. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.

A review over the various techniques which used for key management in VANET is presented in this section.

Abstract— this paper is an involvement in the field of security study on mobile ad-hoc networks. Boundaries of the mobile ad hoc nodes have been considered in order to design a secure Geographic routing protocol that thwarts selfish and flooding attacks. We took the base of Ad hoc On Demand Routing Protocol (AODV); the most popular Routing protocol. The significance of the proposed protocol that should make sure security as wanted by providing a broad architecture of Secured PPEM Mechanism based Multi-Hop Strong Path Geographic Routing protocol (SMHSP) based on effective key management, secure neighbor detection, secure routing data’s, finding malicious nodes, and eliminating these nodes from routing table. Our results clearly show that our secured Geographic routing protocol increases the throughput and packet delivery ratio while it has a tolerable increase in the routing overhead and average delay. Also, security study proves in details that the proposed protocol

A mobile wireless sensor network, shortly WMSN, can be defined as a wireless network of a sensor nodes that are mobile. Motivation behind a mobile wireless sensor network is to capture real world data and convert them so it can be transferred, processed, stored and later studied or analyzed (Guo, 2014). The MWSN is usually a combination of two or more technologies such as mobility, wireless connectivity and the ability to gather local information. The mobile wireless sensor network is usually deployment of a large number of small, inexpensive, self-powered nodes and receiving station (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). These MWSN can be effectively used for civil and military purposes.

A wireless ad hoc network is the collection of mobile nodes, without any requirement of centralized access point. Every node in the network, act as a router and packet forwarder. Now days, the ad hoc networking is used for the commercial uses. There are the many applications of the ad hoc networks, ad-hoc network are using in the military and it is also using for the other security operations. The secure routing is the biggest issue in the ad hoc routing applications. In ad hoc networks it is very difficult to design the security due to its unique characteristics. The characteristics of ad

Vehicular Ad-hoc networks are used in order to improve the Traffic Efficiency and road side safety.

A mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes self-configured to form an infra-structure less network. It is important that the routing protocol should be able to find routes that have a high degree of mobility. The challenges to the routing protocol design are the lack of dedicated routing infrastructure. Routing is the process of finding a path from a source to some arbitrary destination on the network. Existing routing protocols can be classified either as proactive or reactive. Routing in MANET is an important issue as it involves sending messages to a destination node in a network. As each node move arbitrarily in MANET, it cause

With ever increasing on road traffic and dynamic nature of road conditions an intelligent transportation system (ITS) is essential. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETS) takes the responsibility in implementing ITS and is a promising communication scenario for traffic management and safety. VANETs possess unique characteristics like high mobility of nodes, rapid change in the neighbor nodes, stringent deadline for authentication, association times, no fixed infrastructure etc. Though VANETs closely resembles Mobile Ad-hoc Networks traditional security mechanisms are not suitable. This dissertation aims to describe and analyze the most representative VANET security developments and propose an efficient implementation focusing on key exchange and key management aspects, simulating and evaluating the same in OPNET environment.