The Synthesis Of Most Coagulation Factors And Inhibitors

As the Directors at the Sharp Rees Medical Facility, we will be talking about the liver. The liver is a very important organ in the human body as it does not just perform one function but is involved in multiple tasks. Some interesting facts about the liver; it weighs under five pounds, it has a shape like a half football and everyone is born with one. Just like most other disease or disorder, if the liver has not been taken care of properly there are many negative outcomes that can affect and destroy the liver. There are many complications when the liver is abused or damage for example cancer, hemochromatosis, gallbladder or

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

a. It can cause a decrease in the ability of blood to clot due to decreased production of fibrinogen.

This case study is about Abdul Chidiac, a 51 year old male, married with 4 children. He had a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and cirrhosis with two admissions in the last six months. He is a smoker and drinks beer, 5-6 bottles per day. As Carithers & McClain (2010) explained the patient’s medical history is another indicator of the risk for cirrhosis; the progression to cirrhosis is adaptable and may take time over weeks or many years. Cirrhosis is a liver disease characterized by permanent scarring of the

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of normal, healthy liver tissue by fibrotic scar tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should, as well as regenerative nodules leading to progressive loss of liver function. The liver, the largest organ in the body, is vital in keeping the body functioning properly. It removes or neutralizes poisons from the blood, produces immune agents to control infection, and removes germs and bacteria from the blood. It

She looked jaundiced (yellowing of her body tissues), which is due to accumulation of bilirubin, a blood product, due to impaired excretion by the liver (7). Her mental status was indicative of hepatic encephalopathy, with orientation to only person and place, and did not know the date or time. Abdominal examination exposed moderate tenderness, normal bowel sounds, and severe ascites. Ascites is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, and is often caused by blood backed up in the hepatic portal vein going into the liver, due to cirrhosis. The backed up blood fills with byproducts that cannot be processed by the diseased liver, which shuts down the kidneys. The disabled kidneys cause a buildup of fluid, which leaks out of the vasculature and into the abdominal cavity (8). Diseased livers also often produce less albumin, a protein in the blood that helps keep fluid in the vasculature. When the albumin levels drop, fluid leaves the blood, entering the body as edema, or swelling, which was moderately visible in her feet (9). Upon rectal examination, hemorrhoids were noted to be present, but are not considered a pathology, simply an anatomical structure that exists in most people from a young age (10). A stool sample was taken, and tested positive for blood with a hemoccult test.

Venous thrombosis is a multifactorial disease. In the majority of thrombosis patients a risk factor is not detectable. Virchow's triad refers to three primary influences for thrombus formation, endothelial injury, stasis, turbulence or abnormal blood flow, and blood hypercoagulability (Kyrle, 2009). A shift in balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant of the endothelium is responsible for thrombotic state (Kyrle, 2009). Endothelial injury is the physical loss of endothelium leading to exposure of subendothelial extra-cellular matrix, adhesion of platelets, release of tissue factor, depletion of PGI2 and plasminogen activators (Kumar, 2010). Abnormal blood flow refers to turbulence that causes endothelial injury, which is a major influence

During chronic liver disease, hepatocyte cell death results in inflammation that leads to fibrosis. In addition, the loss of functional hepatocytes results in loss of liver functions, such as the ability to metabolize bilirubin and synthesize proteins (e.g., albumin and clotting factors). Under normal conditions, blood flows from splanchnic circulation to hepatic circulation (for removal of bacteria and toxins) via the portal vein, and blood is returned to systemic circulation via the hepatic vein. Because of liver fibrosis, the distortion of hepatic architecture increases resistance to blood flow, resulting in portal hypertension. The portal collaterals relieve some of the pressure in the portal system but may contribute to cirrhosis-related complications such as varices (Liou, 2014).

A sudden and dramatic liver transaminase elevation in relation to cardiogenic shock correlates extensive hepatocellular necrosis called ischemic hepatitis (Crespo- Leiro et al., 2008).

In most serious cases the blood is not able to reach the organs, resulting in enlargement of the liver, blood clots, stroke, and heart attacks. Thrombosis and Myelofibrosis are two other complications that are related to PV. George Krucik, MD, MBA on August 20, 2015 .

Liver failure is the acute failure of the liver to perform its body function. Proteins that allow the blood to clot are not produced so the patient bruises and bleeds easily. A viscous fluid will sometimes collect

The patient’s hypercoagulable state places them at increased risk for thromboembolic disease.17 Because of this, there is an increased risk that the patient may have a thromboembolism while in the dental office. (See the following section titled “Thromboembolic Disease” for additional information.)

In our study as regards presence of co- morbid factors namely DM and hypertension, the prevalence of DM and hypertension was higher in PVT group than non-PVT group, these results match the findings reported by Martinelli et al. (13) who clarified that hypertension and DM were associated with increased risk of PVT. That finding may be attributed to the association of dyslipidemia with diabetes and increased risk of atherosclerosis, so patients with liver cirrhosis and associated diabetes or hypertension carry the risk for PVT more than cirrhotic patients without them.

When a sudden demise What 's more sensational build clinched alongside serum hepatic transaminase occurs, connected with cardiogenic shock, this demonstrates extreme hepatocellular corruption named ischemic hepatitis (Crespo- Leiro et al. , 2008).

ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 12, 1539 –15481539Journal homepage:http://www.journalijar.comINTERNATIONAL JOURNALOF ADVANCED RESEARCHRESEARCH ARTICLEPortal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis:insights to risk factors, clinical presentation and outcomeAfifi F. Afifi 1, Osama M. Basha 1, Fady M. Wadea 1, Abdelaziz E. Samack 2, Raghda Abd-elatif Hafez31-GIT and hepatology unit, Internal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.2-Radiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.3-Microbiology&Immunologydepartment, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. EGYPTManuscriptInfoAbstract Manuscript History:Received:14 October 2015Final Accepted: 22 November 2015Published Online: December 2015Key words: Portal vein,