The TLC Experiment

The purpose of this lab is to test substances and to determine the physical and chemical properties of substances.

Other information that can be obtained from a TLC analysis is the progress of a chemical reaction, which can be done by taking samples from the reaction mixture at various intervals and spotting them on TLC plates and taking down the Rf factor. Also TLC analysis can be used to determine the optimum conditions required to obtain a high yield of the desired product with little to no side products. Yield can be ascertained via TLC analysis in that the reactant and product intensity on the TLC plate will have varying degrees of intensity. At the end of the reaction, the product should have the most intensity, while the reactant has the least intensity. At the beginning of the reaction, it would be the other way around. With this, you can determine the percent yield of the

The purpose of the lab is to perform series of tests to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of several unknown powders, and then use that information to classify the unknown powders.

Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to separate a mixture that is composed of three components by using fractional distillation, then analyze the results with gas chromatography to find the percent composition of each component within three samples.

There are multiple items and steps to fully complete the experiment. My materials include the following: Graph paper, 200 regular Popsicle sticks, wire cutters, wood glue, 100 cotton swabs, 72 medium and small binder clips, one-half inch width clear tape, masking tape, gram balance, loading block

Brianda Mendez Lab 05 Report Introduction: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a very commonly used technique in synthetic chemistry for identifying compounds, determining their purity and following the progress of a reaction. Thin-layer chromatography or TLC, is a solid-liquid form of chromatography, it involves the distribution between two phases. The stationary phase is a polar adsorbent, it is coated on a glass slide or plastic sheet creating a thin layer of the particular stationary phase. The mobile phase, a liquid or a gas flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it.

It can give the polarity of that solution, reactivity of the solution, the phase of the reaction of the solution and the hydrophobicity of the solution. With this, one can determine the type of bonds in a solution relative to the other solutions as well as relative to the developer. There are three steps to the process of Thin Layer Chromatography; spotting, development (mobile phase), and visualization. During the spotting process solution(s) is/are dabbed with a capillary tube on the origin line of the TLC sheet to the required amount to give a starting point. TLC sheets have a polar silica gel on them which will react with the dabbed solution(s). The more polar the solution the more it will react with the polar silica gel. Once placed in the developer tank the mobile phase begins, as the somewhat polar developer (less polar than the silica gel) will move up the the TLC sheet through capillary action. The amino acids that are more hydrophobic will move along with the developer upward and away from the silica gel whereas the more hydrophilic amino acids will be more attracted to the polar silica and will move less than hydrophobic amino acids which are more attracted to the mobile phase caused by the developer. The solvent front is determined when the developer has almost reached to top of the TLC sheet. It is important to avoid it reaching to top, because it can cause a skew in data if allowed. The amino acids that are first to reach the top will sit at the top while the other less hydrophobic amino acids will get closer causing a skewed perspective in polarities between the amino acids at the top and the rest. After this the TLC sheet is removed, the solvent front is drawn, and the sheet now needs to dry. The next step in the development phase is helpful when identifying differences in amino acids. The TLC sheet is sprayed with ninhydrin which catabolizes the amino acids, then

These compounds will only have one band on the TLC plate, since they should be pure compounds. The comprehension of TLC chromatography and how to properly separate compounds with an adsorption chromatograph with an adsorption chromatograph column were essential to produce quantitative data in experiment

The 200:1 solution of ethyl acetate wasn’t work well to analysis the unknown, 1:1 solution of hexane/ethyl acetate with acetic acid can use to re-run TLC plate to help analysis the unknown.

In thin-layer chromatography a liquid is pumped across a bed of particles. The liquid that is pumped across is called the mobile phase and the particles are the stationary phase. A mixture of the molecules that will be separated is put into the mobile phase. Thin-layer chromatography tells you/helps you determine the number of compounds in a mixture, the purity of a compound, and the identity of compounds if you have examples to pull information from. Thin-layer chromatography is used to separate nonvolatile mixtures. The dye that was the most polar was the color red and pink which was Rhodamine B and the least polar was the light pink color which was Sudan IV. Our first TLC plate had five

The detector sends out an output in the form of a graph which can be analyzed to tell what compounds are in the sample as well as how much of

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is one of the oldest chromatographic techniques used for the identification of compounds and for determination of the presence of trace impurities.

Each of these tests involves two or more treatments: 1) controls to provide standards for comparisons, and 2) unknowns to be identified. The unknown solution may or may not contain the substance that the investigator is trying to detect. Only a carefully conducted experiment will reveal its contents. In contrast, controls are known solutions used to validate that the procedure is detecting what is expected and nothing more. During this laboratory, we will compare the unknown solution's response to the test procedure with the control's response to that same

The purpose is to separate the elements from each other in a mixture and to recognize if there are any associated physical changes of those elements. Moreover, it’s intended to recognize the percentage of error of each element’s weight after the separation compared to its reference percentage in the mixture

At the front of the bɑrrel, the liquid plɑstic leɑves the screw ɑnd trɑvels through ɑ screen pɑck to purge ɑny contɑminɑnts in the lessen. The screens ɑre braced by ɑ breɑker plɑte (ɑ thick metɑl puck with mɑny gaps bored through it) since the weight ɑt this point cɑn beat 5,000 psi (34MPɑ). The screen pɑck/breɑker plɑte ɑssembly ɑlso serves to creɑte bɑck weight in the bɑrrel. Bɑck weight is required for uniform dissolving ɑnd true blue blending of the polymer, ɑnd how much weight is generɑted cɑn be "tweɑked" by vɑrying screen pɑck affiliation (the measure of screens, their wire weɑve measure, ɑnd different pɑrɑmeters). This breɑker plɑte ɑnd screen pɑck combinɑtion ɑlso does the cutoff of developing over "rotɑtionɑl memory" of the liquid plɑstic into "longitudinɑl memory".