Essay on The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu

Although Murasaki Shikibu parodies the idealness of Genji’s character by showing even though he is ideal he is still not perfect, by having Genji admired by the majority of the other characters in the story she is acknowledging that Genji is an ideal man (or at least as close as one can get in the Heian Court). “His [Genji’s] many flaws are balanced by his charm, taste, generosity, humor, and sensitivity.”

Sex has been reduced to a common action with no social bindings and it is not a gesture of showing love for someone else as people think of it today. When will today’s society be consumed with only the physical aspect of sex? With all of the premarital sex and the age of becoming sexually active decreasing every generation, it leaves a question to be answered; where did the value of love and responsibility of partnership go? Monogamy, in “Brave New World“, is unheard of and taboo to everyone except those who see how powerful love is. The connection that unites people is reduced to a competition to see how many times people have it rather than which the person is. In the book, John knows the importance of love and even resists the temptation to have sex with Lenina. John is among a few people who have not been reduced to mating animals but rather humans that still feel a need for love and companionship.

In both civilizations, marital relationships were not ones of love. In Han China, the Confucian use of Yin and Yang created a prevented the couple from loving each other. In Ban Zhao’s Lessons for Women, she states that because the concept of Yin and Yang are starkly different, man and woman have different qualities. The Yang is strong, but Yin is weak and yielding. A man was honored for his strength, yet a woman was glorified for her beauty (Zhao). Yin and Yang created a barrier for love. Han women had no control over who they married; it was the groom’s parents who chose the bride. Because the couple often did not know one another until the wedding, it was impossible to get to know the other’s personality, hence, they did not marry for love. Similarly, in the Roman Empire, marriages were arranged by family members, and the bride had no say in whom she married. According to historian Jo-Ann Shelton, because “marriages were arranged unions rather than love matches, husbands and wives did not have romantic expectations of their life together” (Shelton 44). The marriage of Agrippina, a descendant of Augustus, and Claudius, a Roman emperor, was one of sole convenience, where both parties had their own agendas. According to historian Anthony Barrett, “Claudius would need a wife, not for sex or companionship...but because he needed an ally to

Another subject that Hesiod touches is marriage. In Works and Days, Hesiod provides narrative for an ideal marriage. He states thirty as the perfect age for men to wed, which might seem about right in present day but in Hesiod's time, the life expectancy was around fifty. He then writes, "Women should have four years of ripeness and be married in the fifth." He stresses to marry a virgin so she can be taught good ways. He explains, "For a man acquires nothing better than the good wife." Just when it seems as if Hesiod reveals his sensitive side he continues, "and nothing worse than the bad one, the foodskulk, who singes a man without a brand, strong though he be, and consigns him to premature old age." Foodskulk, which generally means one who hovers around looking for opportunities to get more food than her husband allows her, is Hesiod's description of a bad wife. Referring to Theogony, he states that the man who avoids marriage arrives at an old age with no one to look after him and distant relatives share out his living. The man who finds a good wife spends his life, "with bad competing against good." While the man who gets an awful wife lives with, "unrelenting pain in the heart and spirit, and is ill without a cure." Hesiod idea of marriage is more of a teaching process with the man assuming the dominant role and controlling his woman.

This paper is mainly organized by three parts, including the statement of their love story respectively, analyze the similarities between their stories and find out the reasons from the background of that era.

Character is the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual, though morality is subjective, in today’s society it is predominantly agreed upon that someone who is of good character has certain qualities that contribute to their decision making, trustworthiness, and intelligence. I previously mentioned prudence, which is the ability to govern oneself by the use of reason to make good judgements that allow you to avoid troublesome situations, which allows one to face the adversities of life while only encountering necessary risks. This is the ultimate show of genuine character, those who can judge for themselves and aren’t afraid to admit their faults, or

Social rank was a main factor in determining women’s role in court and from the first chapter of “The Tale of Genji” author Maruabu Shikabu stressed the importance of social role. Genji’s mother, often the brunt of slanderous abuse from the Emperors wife, withdrew from court and took Genji away from court to live with her family. Social importance was best explained though in chapter two by Genji’s friend, To-no-Chujo. Chujo defines the different ranks to Genji while discussing the women they have slept with. To suggests that the three different ranks among women were; “High rank, Middle Rank, and No Rank (Commoners). Genji’s mother was a lower (Middle) rank

“A woman has a head almost too small for intellect but just big enough for love.”—Venus de Medici.

Relationships between people depend on the time period, the location, the social norms set at place in one’s society and one’s own personality. Throughout history and cultures the meaning of relationships have changed. In some ways they have become more relaxed and in others stricter in following these rules of society. In Six Records of a Floating Life by Shen Fu, he describes his relationship with his wife and his culture during the eighteenth century in China. His story tells a relationship that was very unique between his wife, Yun and himself. For the time they were very progressive in their beliefs and actions. It helps the reader see the culture in China at this time and how relationship during a time with strict societal rules especially for women became to be a very surprising and reformist relationship.

The concept that marriage can occur, endure, and succeed without the factor of love seems to be common in many other places in the world. “Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couples Don’t,” by Nicholas D. Kristof published in the New York Times in 1996 explores the aspects and success of loveless marriage in Japan beginning with Yuri Uemura of Omiya, Japan.

The literary masterpiece The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu is a fictional tale that provides clear insight into the sociopolitical court life of the Heian period in Japan. In the tale we are able to see the standards of life that were expected of the aristocrats during the Heian period. The social nature of Heian court life is depicted in the many relationships of the characters through the various stories presented in The Tale of Genji. The relationships in the tale are mainly romantic relationships that surround the Shining Prince Genji, along with other relationships such as parent and child, master and servant, and relationships between social contemporaries. The romantic relationships in the tale indirectly provide the reader with

Genji Monogatari or The Tale of Genji is a story that was written by Murasaki Shikibu during the Heian period. It is a very well received work of Japanese literature and the first part of the story is written with the main character being Genji, and then continues without him. I have no knowledge of the second half of Genji Monogatari but it is in the first section of this tale the characteristics and traits for ideal men and women of the society within the story can be gathered. The criteria for an ideal man or woman in The Tale of Genji was the importance of the physical attribute of beauty, the background, personality, and education of a woman, and characteristics that the main hero of the story, Genji, possessed.

The Tale of Genji is seen as many things, whether it is the first novel written or the world’s first psychological novel. In this book, Murasaki Shikibu tells the story of Hikaru Genji and his experiences. The Tale of Genji is considered the world’s first novel; the story takes us through the birth and death of Genji, a smart, attractive, and talented boy. Genji, is the second son of Emperor Kiritsubo and as the son of an emperor Genji’s life is extremely controlled, whether it be arranged marriages or having little to no secrecy. Through his extra-ordinary life, Genji deals with very ordinary circumstances; various love affairs, some of which bearing children, and the death of loved ones. Shikibu is able to capture her readers in this

The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu deals heavily with Japanese religions and its influence on Japanese society. Themes of jealousy, responsibility and guilt are also mixed in with the religious themes. Religions and ideals clash through the course of the novel. Shikibu focused on the two religions of Buddhism and Shinto. Buddhism represents the modern day religion in the novel and Shinto is viewed as the old religion. As the novel progress the readers start to see the fusion of the two religions. Throughout the novel several people such as women and priests live their lives according to the religion they choose to follow. This work of Japanese literature also includes demons

The Tale of Genji is a captivating story about an “ideal” man, who is in search of the nonexistent “perfect” woman. Throughout his quest, Genji faces many conflicting ideas, such as lust versus love and hopes versus reality. The main character, Genji, is an ideal man, because of his great looks and high social status resulting from his mother and the emperor’s relationship. Genji is also very talented in the arts, which should help him find a lover due to the courting style of the era. Though he has a lot going for him, Genji consistently finds himself disappointed in the women that he meets along his path for the “perfect” woman.