The, The Marvel Of Evolution

Abstract: The pressing issue of climate change is attributed to both human and microbial activity. The latter is often overlooked because the media places heavy emphasis on human actions, such as burning fossil fuels, to be the drivers of global warming—some have gone so far as to label this epoch “The Anthropocene.” While humans do impact the environment, it is inappropriate to call it “The Anthropocene” because it undermines microbes’ relationship with the soil, and the centrality of their role in ecosystems. Therefore, the solutions I offer to mitigate climate change, and its consequences such as famine and spread of diseases, consider the interactions between the biotic and abiotic worlds. In this speech, I also discuss how my actions would attempt to alleviate climate change issues, and how the measures the UNFAO takes would increase everyday social responsibility. The UNFAO should 1. Promote no-till agriculture 2. Fund research to develop technology to improve power plants and 3. Subsidize public transport.

Climate change has affected us in many ways, but it was even more influential on organisms and their community. The Earth is gradually heating and we are left to deal with the consequences. Homes are being destroyed, organisms are dying, and resources are running low. Since 1880, Our Earth’s temperature had increased by about 0.8 degrees Celsius. Climate change is affecting the Earth and scientists say that one more degree will greatly affect people from all over the world. There are many consequences of climate change and each one has a great impact on all of us, but organisms’ homes are being destroyed and thousands of species are dying out. These organisms are imperative to our world and how it functions.

In his On the Origin of Species, written in 1859, Charles Darwin clearly explained the gradual progression toward the speciation of organisms with his five main principles: variation, inheritance, competition, selection, and propagation. Darwin hesitated to publish his findings because he understood that his findings were based on the animal kingdom and on an evolutionary process that had to have spanned millennia. He specifically did not think that his discoveries were applicable to the evolution of human society. Contrary to Darwin’s preference, Herbert Spencer did exactly what Darwin hoped to avoid by publishing numerous works supporting his own, new thesis of “Social Darwinism,” which claimed that Darwin’s principles of evolution

Climatic changes are expected to change species distributions, phenologies, interspecific interactions, community composition, and ecosystem function (Schneider & Root 2002). Many of these impacts have already been observed (Parmesan 2006). In California’s San Joaquin Valley, temperatures are projected to be warmer in both winter and summer, with a mean annual increase of 1.4–2.0°C by 2070 (PRBO Conservation Science 2011). Additionally, precipitation is projected to decrease (-9% to -30%), although there is a high degree of uncertainty surrounding the magnitude of the precipitation changes (PRBO Conservation Science 2011). Summer heat waves are projected to become longer and hotter, and droughts more severe (Garfin et al. 2012).

time, his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his

“Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations have increased by approximately 40% since the start of the Industrial Revolution” (Wilmers et al. 2012). This increase in atmospheric CO₂ is a leading cause and contributor to Earth’s climate change with effects such as: “measurable global heat retention and elevated atmospheric temperatures, partial melting of the polar ice caps, ocean acidification, and a host of other impacts on Earth’s environments” (Wilmers et al. 2012). Earth’s ecosystems are combating this climate change by helping reduce the concentration of CO₂ and “sequestering C” (Carbon) in the atmosphere through “photosynthesis” (Wilmers et al. 2012). “Kelp forests are among

Earthworms burrow into the ground and create burrows in the soil, which minimize surface drainage, and facilitate in soil drainage. The earthworms can improve water holding capacity because of the increased microbial activity, the burrows, and the soil fragmentation. The roots have an easier time burrowing deeper and have access to nutrients from the channels made from the burrowing. Finally earthworms bury and have plant residue in their casts so the burrows contain both the soil and the essential nutrients and minerals (Clive A.

As life scatters for its survival in a new world devoid of anything living, human extinction is soon to be imminent. The once lush Earth will either dry up or bury by immense snowfall; therefore, turning these places inhabitable by life. Don't fret, though. They are only predictions of what will happen in the near future so you can worry later. Climate change is arguably one of the most important threats that endanger life on Earth. This was the concern covered in my nonfiction reading, Six Degrees: Our Future On A Hotter Planet, by Mark Lynas. The increased use of fossil fuel and continue industrialization have caused many of the problems we faced in the 21st century in the form of Global Warming. It has created raging storms, drought, famine, and fluctuating temperatures across the globe. Although this is not a problem I face personally, it might be problems in my lifetime in terms of mounting air conditioning bill and lacking any water. Unfortunately, plants and animals are incapable of quick adaptation like us humans, and they are prime targets for climate change. By hurting the plants, we are decrementing our chance of cleansing the plagued atmosphere created by us. We are damaging the

With high latitudes containing approximately half of global soil carbon, there is particular interest in understanding how carbon balance in the tundra ecosystem will respond to increasing temperatures (5). Low temperatures suppress soil activity, retarding decomposition and nitrogen release, which in turn reduces plant and microbial growth (6). However, with rising temperatures and melting permafrost, which is subsoil that remains frozen indefinitely, soil moisture increases. This, in turn, may increase the rate of decomposition of

Even though previous studies have shown that earthworm abundance increased with more biomass, the environments in the previous students likely had more conditions available that allowed the earthworms to prosper. Future experiments should be done by mixing together different soil, water, and nutrient amounts to see which mixture earthworms would prefer. Additionally, there are several factors that might have affected the outcome of this research. Very few worms were used as subjects in the containers for this study. Worm density in the outside environment could have an effect on their survival. This study was also conducted in the controlled environment of an apartment room. Temperatures fluctuate and change in the outside environment. These fluctuating temperatures might present different ques in the earthworm’s daily routine of whether it’s time to move or rest. Additionally, the leaf nutrients in this research were all obtained from a random assortment of leaves gathered in the same location as the worms. There might be leaf types that earthworms prefer and increase their survival rate. Finding their preferred nutrient source can help create a fertilizer that can be used on

Nick Lane’s book, Life Ascending; The Ten Great Inventions of Evolution, published in 2009, is an excellent piece that brings together various elements of life itself, such as, DNA, photosynthesis and complex cells. However this critique will be based on Chapter 5 of his renown book; Sex – The Greatest Lottery on Earth. Dr Nick Lane is a biochemist who has won several awards for the research of evolutionary science he has completed and is known as one of the founding members of the UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research. Each of his four books released were a huge success and he is still respected for his work and research. All in all, Lane is considered as a source that is reputable and it is safe to say that his current book being

elegans live within the soil and thus are not exposed to light on a regular basis. Photoreceptors offer a unique way of “seeing” and interacting with the environment. Photoreceptors contain chemicals from which light elicits a change and thus help guide the movement and behavior of worms and other animals. Phototaxis is a type of locomotive movement that allows organisms to respond to changing light around them. Phototaxis can be both negative and positive in that a positive phototaxis is movement toward the light and that negative phototaxis is movement that is away from a light source (Department of Plant Biology). C. elegans live in the soil, thus in darkness, and do not have eyes and are therefore believed to not have photoreceptors(Wang, 2010). However, it was found that “light stimuli elicited negative phototaxis in C. elegans and that this behavior is important for survival.” (Ward, 2008). Photoreceptors are present within the c. elegans organism. As, such, “ Negative phototaxis behavior in C. elegans could function to retain worms in soil, or protect them from harmful effects of UV light” (Wang, 2010). Photoreceptors are critical to the c. elegans and their interactions within their

I have grown up being told that evolution is not true and I should never believe in it because it goes against Gods word. But now after many years, I have decided that Evolution is not that bad of an Idea, that is if you believe that God used Evolution as his way to create all of the animals. For example, in Genesis 3:14, after the Serpent deceives man and God says to the serpent “Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and above all beasts of the field; on your belly, you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life." This is an example of evolution Serpents losing their limbs and becoming snakes. In like manner, Microevolution is another illustration of Theistic Evolution. Microevolution is shown by Sparrows,

"We call them dumb animals, and so they are, for they cannot tell us how they feel, but they do not suffer less because they have no words” (Anna Sewell). There is undeniable evidence that animals are being affected by climate change. Even though the effects are difficult to measure, there are many different ways animals are being affected. With the loss of predator and prey species it affects the life cycles in the food chain. The earth’s climate change causes habitats such as snow, ice, or forest areas to alter, resulting in loss of habitat and food accessibility as well as causing extinction.

In order for something to be classified as a living organism, it must meet a certain set of criteria. The exact seven characteristics it must meet are exhibiting levels of organization, being composed of one or more cells, being able to reproduce, demonstrating growth, showing a response to stimuli, maintaining homeostasis, and it must require some form of energy. (Biology book) For something to be labeled as a living organism it must meet all seven of those requirements. When looking at these requirements from a Biblical worldview, one of the strongest points for a Creator is the fact that human beings and all of creation demonstrates a response to stimuli. Evolutionists may say that we have over time slowly acquired that skill, but from a Christian’s point of view, that strongly suggests there is a God.