The Theme Of Criticism In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays the ideology of Puritan society in the novel the Scarlet Letter; however reader also get to witness his characters being an illustration of hypocrisy and victims to their own guilt. In the Scarlet Letter, as in many of Hawthorne’s shorter works, he makes profuse use of the Puritan past: its odd exclusionary belief, its harsh code of ruling, its concern with sex and witchcraft. The Scarlet Letter is a story that is embellished but yet simple. Many readers may view this novel as a soap opera due to the way Hawthorne conveys this Puritan society’s sense of strictness and inability to express true emotion along with the secrecy and how deceiving the characters are being. As the story unfolds the main character Hester Prynne is bounded in marriage at an early age. She engages in an adulterous affair with an unknown member of their small village. Hester soon becomes pregnant and with her husband’s absence the chances of this child belonging to her husband are slim. The towns’ people know that she has committed a sin and imprisons her for her crime.

People have been stereotyping outcasts since the beginning of time. This behavior is a crucial component of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character of the story, Hester Prynne, resides in a community of Puritans; who are notorious hypocrites. Their harsh rules are basically impossible to follow, therefore setting their citizens up for failure and punishment. Hawthorne tells the story of Hester Prynne with the elements of sin, judgement, and revenge.

In his essay “On the Scarlet Letter,” D.H. Lawrence criticizes Hester’s immoral behavior for her adulterous actions. Lawrence views her as a shameful member of Puritan society and centers his argument on her sin and its effects on the story’s plot. D.H. Lawrence’s use of different literary techniques strengthens his claim that Hester is not the heroine through his sarcastic tone, abrupt syntax, and biblical allusions.

The author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the nephew of John Hathorne. During the Salem Witch Trials, the only judge that did not apologize for the remorseless and cruel acts that were put upon many men and women was in fact John Hathorne. Nathaniel changed his last name from Hathorne to Hawthorne in an attempt to disassociate himself from his uncle. John Hathorne is the reason why Nathaniel Hawthorne is obsessed with the puritan times. Hawthorne lived in the 1800s, but the setting of the novel is based before the Salem Witch Trials were held in the 1600s. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the symbolism of the scarlet letter, Dimmesdale, and burrs to contribute to the overall theme of guilt.

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, is a compassionate yet riveting piece of English literature that supports the movement for equality of suppressed women during a most tumultuous time during the 1800’s. Hawthorne’s use of emotional diction and imagery throughout his novel employs a deplorable tone upon the story. It serves as a stark representation of an imaginative yet realistic example of the indifference of men and women during these changing times. Deeply held Puritanical beliefs led countless of people to believe that individuals, especially women, who committed sins of any type would never reach heaven upon their passing. Men, on the other hand, were judged less severely if accused of a crime. Hester Prynne, the

This strictly focuses on the author, instead of a crowd or a room. An experience that is especially notable is the discovery of the scarlet letter. We witness an unbiased man who is unaware of the situation taking note of the letter and it has a strange effect on the reader in that the reader hasn't thought of it without bias. The author explains in regards to the letter " it had been wrought with wonderful skill of needlework and the stitch gives evidence of a forgotten art" (Hawthorne, 296). Starting this book with little background other than the letter means adultery and sex and seeing it described out of context as beautiful and skillful creates a new tone to the rest of the story; it causes the reader to be more open to true symbolism of what the letter actually means. The author's main attitude towards the Puritans are they are hearty God fearing people. He describes them as ruddy, broad, and well developed unlike Hester whom he describes as elegant, ladylike, and feminine (Hawthorne, 4 and 7). This immediately creates a divide between Hester and the Puritan women and also casts Hester as an outsider. This is because she doesn't fit within the majority of women

Hawthorne juxtaposes the incredible grace and poise of Hester with the grotesque words and figures of the established Puritan women. When she is heading up to the scaffold, Hester is described as, “lady-like, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days, characterized by a certain state and dignity” (Hawthorne 46). The idea of Hester being “lady-like” and having “gentility”, which are very positive qualities to have for a woman, especially in Puritan times, is used as a foil to the malicious treatment Hester receives. These positive traits also show the beauty and desirability of

"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth." President John Fitzgerald Kennedy states that conformity imprisons citizens of the world due to the social standards that are set in our cultures. Judgement is the major form of bullying and ridicule found in out society due to the restrictions that are set upon everyone to be publicly "correct". In The Scarlet Letter, Hester is deemed a "whore" in the town due to her adulterous behavior. Along with Hester is Dimmesdale who has avoided social rejection through conforming to the set standards.

When they came over to America their wish was to have access to more freedom, especially freedom of religion. However, this was not the case, the end result wasn’t freedom for all Puritans, especially for women. Hawthorne characterizes Hester as someone who chooses to be silent and to effect change by her consistent goodness in the Puritan community instead of through her words. Originally, the scarlet letter was a badge of his dishonor for Hester, but, because she has the bravery to stay in Boston and live with that shame, the tables eventually turn. She breaks her isolation by campaigning with the love she has found in herself, giving back to the people even though they have hurt her. Today we are a country divided with many people using angry words that are supposed to result in peace, but it often ends up in violence; Hester chose silence and charity over argument and anger to persuade others to look at things differently. Currently, women are still victimized and are seen as weaker than men because of stereotypes that arose in these earlier times. However, women in the 21st century are building on the hard work of strong women throughout history and exercising their rights. Recently, there have been many accusations of sexual harassment by men against women in the media. It has taken many years for women to speak out, and still not all are able. We,

Throughout the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses several biblical allusions to emphasize the Puritan society this novel was set in and give the reader a comparison of Hester to biblical figures, both holy and unholy. The Puritan society was one of strict adherence to the Bible and its teachings; consequently, Hester’s sin is not easily forgiven. Through his use of biblical allusions Hawthorne provides the reader with a historical figure that portrays characteristics or aspects similar to that of Hester. Hester’s curious child, Pearl, is both a blessing and a curse. She completely changed the course of Hester’s life, at a great price.

Though the third character (Chillingworth) does not suffer much mental pain, but in his case the psychology of vengeance has been closely examined and declared in explicit terms. Facing the mass of people, she has a blazing blush and yet a haughty grin on her face, As Hawthorne explains Hester’s belief and mind-set are laid bare at each step. The fiery blush reveals her embarrassment caused by the town,s exposure, while the haughty grin shows her disobedience of society’s ethical code and of the persons who are accountable for enforcing that rule. “…she took the baby on her arm, and with a burning blush, and yet a haughty smile, and a glance that would not be abashed, looked around at her townspeople and neighbours (43).” As shame is related with yearning of disappearing from society , Kilborne explains the shame of Hester ;

"Those who before had known her, and had expected to behold her dimmed and obscured by a disastrous cloud, were astonished, and even startled, to perceive how her beauty shone out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped" (39).  Hester, who is being openly condemned for her sins, Hawthorne describes ironically.  To the Puritans, Hester should be dim and obscure, surrounded by darkness and evil.  However, Hawthorne instead describes her shining beauty and the godliness she makes out of her sin and shame by exposing it to the public.  The Puritans condemn Hester for her sin and look towards her as evil, yet she is exposing her sin to the sunshine, to the public, something that Hawthorne praises in the novel.  "A blessing on the righteous Colony of the Massachusetts, where iniquity is dragged out into the sunshine!  Come along, Madame Hester, and show your scarlet letter in the market-place!" (40).  The Puritans feel that they are hurting Hester Prynne by exposing her sin, yet it is only making her stronger and making her grow.

During the punishment of Hester, the countrywomen with “...stone on broad shoulders and well-developed busts... “(48), and “...a boldness and rotundity of speech…”(Hawthorne 48) stand under the platform and gossip about Hester, such as the woman like  “... a hard-featured dame of fifty…”(49), “...a third autumnal matron…”(49), “...the ugliest as well as the most pitiless of these self-constituted judges.”(49). Those old countrywomen observe how Hester harms public behoof, how to put a hot iron on Hester’s forehead, or Hester brings shame and ought to die. Most of the readers of the twenty-first century think how ironing it is that the countrywomen laugh at Hester who contains unique temperament. Nevertheless, the Puritan culture natures those countrywomen who are in the crowd since their births and Bible is the only source of truth in their lives. Environment and culture cause illiteracy of the women in the town. The development of stereotypes leads the ladies to have stubborn but reasonable boundaries of good or sin in their minds which are unusual than people in today’s world. Other than the town people, Pearl also has interesting reactions towards

The Scarlet Letter: A romance published in 1850, a book of fiction in a historical setting, written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer. He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to Nathaniel Hawthorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. He includes tone, mood, and style into this story. While reading I questioned Nathaniel’s purpose for writing such a tragic tale of shame, deceit, and redemption. Hawthorne's purpose for writing The Scarlet Letter was so he could reveal the life and hypocrisy of the Puritan communities back in those days.

Frederick William Robertson once said, “There are three things in the world that deserve -- no mercy, hypocrisy, fraud, and tyranny.” Ushering in the Romantic era in literature, this quote stood as the foundation for many transcendental pessimists; Nathaniel Hawthorne was no exception. As described in The Custom House, the introduction to The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne heavily disapproves of his own extreme Puritan past and, in fact, heavily critiques it throughout the entire novel. However, while not directly, Hawthorne criticizes Puritan culture and ideals by exposing their sin in the community. He does this in a number of ways, but readers can plainly see that he chastises the Puritans by portraying them as religious extremists, intelligently