Nigel Warburton is a British philosopher who was born in 1962. He has written many books during his life time such as The Basics (1992), Thinking from A to Z (1996) , Free speech: A Very Short Introduction (2009) and of course A Little History of Philosophy (2012). Warburton received a BA (Bachelor of Arts) from the University of Bristol and a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) from Darwin College, Cambridge. Warburton is a contemporary philosopher. He host his on weekly podcast and has a philosophy website. Also teaches at Tate Modern.
Three of the main themes that were discussed in Warburton’s book were religion, happiness, and reality. Does God exist? That is one question that runs through our minds. No one is correct. We all have our own opinions
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Is there an answer for this question? Is there a clue to the real answer? There are philosophers who also have these questions running through their heads. Not just that, there are philosophers who think about what happiness is. We might think that being happy is happiness but is it really? Couldn’t it be also defined as just having a feeling or an emotion? They also try to figure this question out: Reality is it true? Are we really what we think we are? Are we actually living or are we just dreaming all of this? Philosopher Augustine believed that there is a God because he was Christian. He also had many questions about his religion. “What did God want him to do? How should he live? What should he believe?” (p 34) This made Augustine think so hard about this question everyday. I think that Augustine is right. We must question our religions. It doesn’t have to be complicated questions but just simple questions would also be fine. Questioning your own religion isn’t bad, it’s more like you are really interested and are proud of being who you are and what religion you are following. Another philosopher who had a different idea than Augustine was René Descartes. “How could he be sure that he wasn’t dreaming?” (p 62) He believed that life
First, this book will guide me to embrace the world as it is. It is written in English, so it may not be same as written by the each religion leaders. Although this book travels freely from Eastern to Western and forth and back to reflect various perspectives, it will help me to see different aspects of the world through others' eyes. Having this kind of view will expand my mind to new things and deepen the understanding the matters.
Title tells us that Facey is uneducated up to this point, which would be considered strange these days
The contemporary texts, See you at Harry’s by Jo Knowles (2012) and Wonder by R.J. Palacio (2012) explore the common concerns that young people may face whilst growing up. The universal theme of the Human Condition involves the stages of life and the issues everyone must go through to develop a sense of self and purpose that define us from being social beings. These novels explore the Human Condition through discovering self-identity, relationships and loss. These novels are examples of bildungsroman as they are relevant to today's society and the children living in it. Young readers can relate to the struggles and feelings expressed by the characters, based off the composer's perspective of youth.
In the Confessions by Saint Augustine, this great philosopher experiences many problems and emotions related to sin and evil. As a boy, he often felt darkness, blindness, and confusion while attempting to find rest in God. Augustine started out in childhood with a restless heart because he had to live in two different worlds. These worlds consisted of his mother’s Christian faith, and the world of everything else. These two worlds confused and disturbed Augustine as a child. Augustine’s father was pagan and his mother was Christian, and they both wanted him to be very successful in the world. As he became confused, he began asking questions that could not be answered such as, “Humans often feel restless, but what is it they need to feel at
In Augustine’s article “Virtue and the Human Soul,” happiness is discussed in great detail. What makes a man happy? How do we obtain this happiness and where does
Karen Armstrong, author of “Homo Religiosus,” claimed that without the physical rituals and traditions, religion morphed into a belief. Simply put, Armstrong argued that religion requires not only blind faith but also customs and practices that affect one’s physical and mental behaviors. It is through these rituals and taboos that the religions grows and forms, and yet also changes when deemed necessary. Additionally, Armstrong constantly compares religion to different art forms. She does this to convey the message that much like art, one must focus and study religion for lengthy periods of time to be properly understood. However, this connection also suggests that art and religion can perform an analogous role to humankind when required, as they both evolve and change when a society 's infrastructure does. Throughout her essay “Homo Religiosus,” Armstrong focuses on the similar role that both art and religion play in society to discuss her claim that religion is not just a belief, but rather has to do with changes in physical and mental behaviors that in return create change in society and the religion one needs.
It can then be deduced that belief to Augustine is not a choice; the choice arises through man’s action. Acts of choosing to believe God are simply a reaffirmation of one’s belief, while choosing the world and not God in one’s actions is simply denying God, although one can never fully disbelieve: the world is a substitute for God, as previously examined. The choice available restricts free will while allowing men to choose their actions, not their belief. Further, the fall of man, where human weaknesses stem from, presupposes God’s existence, as does Augustine. Consequently, choices to Augustine reflect our denial or acceptance of the truth that God is real. In this theological perspective, Augustine supports God’s existence completely, and his ascetic choice further upholds his belief. God’s creation further explains Augustine’s perspective on belief, Augustine stating that “[t]he only thing that does not come from [God] is what does not exist,” and that combined with “ any movement of the will away from [God who is] and towards that which is in a lesser way” (178). Denying God, moving away from God, who exists, is a movement defined as both a “crime and sin” (178). This freedom, again, does not deny God, but is, in spite of his existence, a means to explain one’s belief or doubt. Augustine’s Confessions clearly describes this path of sin and denial that unquestionably leads to a necessary habit of committing it, resulting in Augustine himself becoming a slave to sin. It is only by God’s power, the power than humanity does not possess, that can help man escape the godless way of life that is living through sin. Belief of God then, is not a choice for Augustine; it is our free will that allows the choice of living for or against God, and why resisting temptation and sin and living for God completely is a main idea throughout the Confessions; by choosing the world, one denies
Both Plato and Augustine offer unusual conceptions of what one must acquire to live a truly happy life. While the conventional view of happiness normally pertains to wealth, financial stability, and material possessions, Plato and Augustine suggest that true happiness is rooted in something independent of objects or people. Though dissimilar in their notions of that actual root, each respective philosophy views the attaining of that happiness as a path, a direction. Plato’s philosophy revolves around the attainment of eternal knowledge and achieving a metaphysical balance. Augustine also emphasizes one’s knowing the eternal, though his focus is upon living in humility before God. Both assert that human beings possess a natural desire
David Foster Wallace investigates the confliction of religion’s black and white expectations with the sin of premarital sex throughout his work “Good People.” On one hand, Lane Dean Jr. and Sheri Fisher’s strong affiliation with religion creates a commitment to each other and the well being of the unborn child. However, this commitment becomes offset with the guilt creeping into Lane’s mind. He wanders towards temptation consistently: premarital sex, leaving Sheri on her own to raise their child, and refusing to talk to the religious figures in his life. Without religion, these actions do not sign the contract for eternal damnation. Lane’s religious nature, therefore, creates a level of insanity that originates in fear. That growing insanity snowballs with each internal incident: “Two days before, he had awakened very early and tried to pray but could not. He was freezing more and more solid (Wallace 151). Lane’s perception that he has an inability to pray lengthens the distance he feels has been created between himself and God. Religion does not resolve the conflicts Lane and Sheri have created. Instead, religion creates a new accountability and guilt that intensifies the sin the two students have sunk into.
Most of the human ‘Homo sapiens’ is born into a religion. That religion could be Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, Christian or Atheism, etc, a set of beliefs which someone inherits from his family, and till the death, that man will likely stay with his or her religion because almost every human has tendency to be religious. On the other hand, the reality of the religion does not matter to him unless someone conducts any investigation to get to the religious truth. In the essay ‘Homo religiosus,’ Karen Armstrong says that, today’s religious followers accept the religion into which they were born, without doing the hard work required. This means that someone follows his ancestor’s religion from the beginning for his life and he or she is not able to prove his ancestors were wrong because he or she has faith in his own religion. Faith is the main concept of the religion because people have deep faith in their own religion. In addition, faith is nothing but mere fantasy and faith has no basis in reality. Therefore, people have no ability to conduct investigations to find out the religious truth. In addition, elements and places of religion vary from religion to religion. Religion is one of the most prehistoric institutions which have been noticed to practice in any society past and present even in the ancient world where cave paintings were popular. Institutions, like politics and entertainments, have been greatly influenced by the religious faith. The truth of religion might give
Walters Evan’s depiction of life and the people during the depression of the 1930s is abandoned, overwhelmed, and depressed. For instance, the person wearing the suit and a hat seems overwhelmed or exhausted. He is about to collapse from all that is going on in his life. The man seems to be searching for jobs in a newspaper article because his old job went out of business due to the stock market crash during the 30s. Since he lost his job with the other few men aside him in despair as well as he is, the man is overwhelmed with what he has to do to maintain that his family is going to be okay, safe, and watched over as he tries to search for a well maintained job that’ll meet his needs. They’re posture in the picture shows that they are depressed
How did the earth and everything on it come into existence? This is a question, that for the Christian worldview is answered by the Bible, in Chapters 1 and 2 of Genesis. The Bible makes clear to it’s readers that God existed before anything else. The creation account in Genesis 1 splits creation into 6 days and a 7th day of rest. The first day God created the earth and Heaven as well as day and night. The second day God separated the earth from heaven to create the sky. On the third day God separated the waters on earth so there would be dry land. He created plants and trees that could bear fruit and seeds. God made theses plants so that they would be able to keep growing from the seeds that fell from them. On the fourth day God created the
My name is Asia Harvey. I am eighteen years old. I was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. I am a freshman in college majoring in communications. Worldview to me means how everyone in the world interprets reality. I believe everyone has a worldview and it is influenced by our ethics, morals, and family values. It can also be influenced by what we hear, what we read, what we see or who we associate with. Worldview is mostly influenced by religion and science even though, a worldview can and do change. I believe the Christian worldview deals with the belief in the Bible. It leads me to believe that God created the universe in six days and on the last day he rested and that I am God's creation put on earth to fellowship with him and govern
St. Augustine is a man with a rational mind. As a philosopher, scholar, and teacher of rhetoric, he is trained in and practices the art of logical thought and coherent reasoning. The pursuits of his life guide him to seek concrete answers to specific questions. Religion, the practice of which relies primarily on faith—occasionally blind faith—presents itself as unable to be penetrated by any sort of scientific study or inquiry. Yet, like a true scientist and philosopher, one of the first questions St. Augustine poses in his Confessions is: “What, then, is the God I worship” (23)? For a long time, Augustine searches for knowledge about God as a physical body, a particular entity—almost as if the Lord
The Existential questions which are important to ask are, Why do we suffer? What happens after we die? and does god exist? Many religions will have answers for these questions, however the comparison between the Catholic viewpoint and the Secular Humanist viewpoint will be argued in this report.