The Theory Behind Integrated Care

Health care expenditure accounted for an estimated 11% (214.9 billion) of Canada’s GDP in 2014 (CIHI, 2014). Canada boasts a universal, cost-effective and fair health care system to its citizens (Picard, 2010). However, despite great claims and large expenses incurred Canada’s health care system has been reported inefficient in it’s delivery to the population (Davis, Schoen, & Stremikis, 2010; Picard, 2010). As inconsistencies exist in health care delivery across the country, choosing priorities for the health of the Canadian people becomes of vital importance. In Ontario, progress toward a better health care system has been stated to be moving forward by putting the needs of the “patient’s first” (Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care [MOHLTC], 2015). This policy brief will give a background of health care issues in Canada related to Ontario. Three evidence-based priorities will be suggested for Ontario’s health policy agenda for the next three to five years. Furthermore, through a critical analysis of these issues a recommendation of the top priority issue for the agenda will be presented.

Rising health care costs and population aging has fuelled the debate about the financial sustainability of Canada’s healthcare system. This demographic change in the Canadian society will deeply impact on all aspects of social, economic, and political factors. The extensive use of health care by the seniors has put a heavy burden on the universal health care system. This paper will closely analyze the sustainability of the Canadian healthcare system and the challenges our government has to face as our population ages and uses more of the healthcare expenditure. By examining the issue of health care sustainability, this paper will also propose recommendations and explore the implications of those recommendations.

This paper will discuss the Canadian healthcare system compared to the United States healthcare system. Although they’re close in proximity, these two nations have very different health care systems. Each healthcare system has its own difficulties, and is currently trying to find ways to improve. Canada currently uses the Universal Health Care system; which provides healthcare coverage to all Canadian citizens (Canadian Health Care, 2007). The services are executed on both a territorial and provincial basis, by staying within the guidelines that have been enforced by the federal government (Canadian Health Care, 2007).

When asked to describe what makes Canada unique compared to other countries, many outsiders might yell out “Hockey!” “Cold Weather!” or “Free Health Care!.” Health care is definitely one of Canada’s most noticeable trademarks when compared to the United States, but the reality is that our health care services are not what they are made out to be. Canadians tend to take pride in the fact that they have a Government funded health care system, but the system is failing at a rapid pace. One can gage the quality of health care in our country while at the emergency ward in any hospital, where most Canadians realize its downsides. The Government spends most of its budget towards health care but Canadians are not feeling an improvement. Waiting

In a health care delivery system, there is need for multidisciplinary intervention of all care givers in other to achieve the common goal of providing a qualitative

Canada 's healthcare system is praised globally for its universal and free healthcare. It started to take shape after World War II in 1945. Health insurance was introduced and was attempted, but was not successful even though there was an increase in the spending of health related services and goods. Fast forward a few years to 1961 where Tommy Douglas, the premier of Saskatchewan, developed the idea for an all-inclusive insurance plan. He later inspired the Medical Care Act in Canada in 1967, when he pointed out health care is a right for all Canadians. From this one thought, Canada has become of the many countries with a universal health care system. Ever since Tommy Douglas sparked the idea for health care coverage, Canada is praised for the way it carries out its system because of several key features. This system is publically funded, is universal and is accessible to everyone across the nation. Because this is a public system, funding comes from the tax payers and some federal funding, so there is no extra cost for the patients. Also, being a universal system it has offered care to all Canadians, immigrants and visitors. Unlike the U.S who does not provide healthcare to its entire population because it is a private system; access depends on how much someone could afford, and how

Canada’s healthcare cost constitutes a large share of GDP. Although this may be a good thing as it reflects on a country’s increased wealth and ability to pay for valued care, however in the case of Canada, there is a strongly held belief that the growth rate in Canada is not sustainable nor is it necessarily improving our outcomes.

     In the past, Canada’s government-funded, universally accessible, health care system has been praised and admired both at home and abroad as one of the finest in the world. A great source of pride and comfort for many Canadians is that it is based on five fundamental principles. Principles that are a reflection of the values held by Canadian citizens since the formation of Medicare in 1966. These principles were reinforced in the Canada Health Act, (CHA), of 1984 and state that the Canadian system is universal, accessible, portable, comprehensive and non-profit.

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement is partnering with approximately 30 organizations throughout the U.S. Together, they are integrating behavioral health services into primary care. Some states have already adopted this model of patient care.

In Clinical Integration in Strategic Planning “providers can track the patient across the continuum, coordinate care across the continuum and make sure the patient is getting the most appropriate care in the most appropriate environment” (Karash & Larson, 2016). It is needed to simplify the direction/coordination of patient care through any circumstances, providers, sceneries, and time in order to attain care that is harmless, appropriate. effectual, well – organized, reasonable and patient-focused. In addition, clinical integration also develops the partnership with the physician, an administrator developing the partnership with the team. Clinical integration starts from the top board of

Canada’s health care system “can be described as a publicly-funded, privately-provided, universal, comprehensive, affordable, single-payer, provincially administered national health care system” (Bernard, 1992, p.103). Health care in Canada is provincial responsibility, with the Canada Health act being a federal legislation (Bernard, 1992, p. 102). Federal budget cuts, has caused various problems within Medicare such as increased waiting times and lack of new technology. Another problem with Medicare is that The Canada Heath Act does not cover expenditures for prescriptions drugs. All these issue has caused individuals to suggest making Medicare privatized. Although, Canada’s health care system consists of shortcomings, our universal

A major detriment to the quality of patient care in British Columbia is the fragmentation of the healthcare system. Rather than operating under a single organization, a patient’s care is divided among various specialized areas such as hospitals, mental health facilities and clinics. Kripalani, LeFevre, Phillips, Williams, Basaviah, & Baker (2007) reports there is a discontinuity between acute hospital care and community healthcare, which is brought about by divisions of labour. This may also be exacerbated by the tendency of separate healthcare facilities to operate independently of one another, with differing policies, administration and financials.

At some point in time, we all must have had a chance of sitting in a waiting room of a hospital. I had a chance to visit the doctor last week and it was horrible, I had to wait to meet the doctor for around 4 hours While I was dying of pain. That made me to curse the whole hospital system in Canada and that 's the main reason that lead me to prepare this essay . British Columbia health care system with emphasis on " Providing " patient-centred care". which is defined as "Shifting the culture of health care from being disease-centred and provider-focused to being patient centered". This represents a great polished political language which they use to make people feel content and confident by confusing without them knowing that they are being confused.

The nurses were actively involved in caring and developing the organized individual plans for the patients with other health care professionals. The response of the patients was positive and they expressed satisfaction and felt that they were prioritized especially when it is about the health care system. the care manger was responsible for providing the right to use , communication and coordination with the community partners and health care. The improvement in communication was the source of comfort for the patients and it has nurtured relationship of trust due to which the participant was active in making the decisions. The ISPs aided participants to know the improved transition between services and where they were going. The findings can be concluded as the experience of family and the patients in the study was positive about the health care integration and improved access, coordination, communication and involvement in making decision, similarly the better health transition.The strengths of this article are that it included different author’s work in the study that triangular perspectives for analyzing the data. The conceptual model and the approaches that were used to evaluate the family members and patient’s experiences of the care integration focused mainly on the patients and the participants were recruited considering both the negative and the positive experience of the care manager intervention because there was the possibility that those having negative perceptions or unsatisfied patients to participate in interviews. The evaluation and implementation of the care managers were done in six month period. Regardless of the positive experience the study indicated that there was possibility that the intervention may not

It is fortunate that Canada is one of the countries that have a health care where anyone and everyone can be taken care of when they are ill. The importance of health care is paramount, due to the fact that health care sustains the community by providing affordable and free health care. While all governments in Canada promoted and improved universal health care in Canada, the liberal party of Canada focuses on the clear and strong improvements in universal health care. Canada has thirteen provincial and territorial health care systems that operate within a national legislative frame work, the Canada Health Act (1984) (Hutchison 2011, p.257) While it is the provincial government that plays major role in health care, the federal government also plays a significant role as well. The Liberal party of Canada in 2015 states that “As Canadians, we believe fundamentally that everyone