The Theory Behind The Dictionary Summary

1. Form hypothesis: How do you think cutting up a material will affect its density? I think the density will be the same.

by pointing out that while getting the basics of a liberal education are valuable and that most should receive it, he believes that this should and can take place prior to the level of the college education. Murray states that “for most students, the place to provide those basics are elementary and middle school.” He then goes on to cite E.D. Hirsch Jr. in his 1987 book “Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know” as his authority on the topic. Hirsch builds his template around the concept of a “core knowledge” that most need to know. Murray cites three points of Hirsch: 1) full participation in any culture requires familiarity with a body

Culture plays a vital role in the knowledge we develop. The practices we implement at home shapes our future. For example, as a child my mother would read books to me and often encouraged me to read the dictionary. As a result, upon entering kindergarten I was reading on a second grade reading level. In like manner, Bronfenbrener supports the theory that

* Is there a need for unique pedagogy to meet the literacy development needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students?

Literacy, literacies and multiliteracies bears various meanings to different people. Some believe that literacy is developed by cultures, while others believe that literacy and cultures developed an individual. There are single and multiple definitions of literacy, literacies and multi-literacies. Based on research, literacy is very important and continues to be developed through our rapidly changing world. Throughout this essay, we will focus on views of literacy, literacies, and multiliteracies and how their different meanings affect our approach to teaching literacy.

Teachers must learn about their student’s cultures if they want to educate them to the best of their ability. Many of the students in culturally diverse classrooms will want to learn in different ways. Some will want to learn in pairs, groups, as a class, or just alone. If the teacher is educated in their culture then lessons can be adjusted to appeal to every student as much as possible instead of forcing some to forget about their culture and learn like others. Students from

Taking into account of many Americans, the act of reading is not apart of our daily lives as it was many years ago. Instead, the media has taken over and leaves us at a disadvantage of developing our minds. The level of proficiency, “Fell significantly between 1992 and 2005, from 40 percent… to 35 percent (Chronicle).” In spite of that, reading gives us the opportunity to get different perspectives, learn valuable lessons, and engage emotions that might not be sparked otherwise. The list can go on and on, however, even with all of these great benefits, the literacy rate in America is continuing to drop.

Another perspective cited in the literature with increasing frequency suggests that literacy is more than the acquisition of reading and writing skills; it is also a social practice or social currency, and, as such, a key to social mobility (Gee 1991). Learning the hidden rules and cultural codes of the dominant culture, according to this perspective, facilitates upward mobility. To be successful in accessing educational and employment opportunities, members of minority groups must become bicultural, i.e., they must be able to function both in the culture of their identity group and in the dominant culture.

Hirsch begins his argument by defining what it means to be culturally literate. He further explains that being culturally literate is not confined to any defined culture or even to one specific social class. Hirsch states that cultural literacy is the only sure way to provide disadvantaged children the ability to rise out of the same social and educational conditions as their parents. He moves on to explain how cultural literacy relates to the current theories of education with Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Dewy, and Plato. Hirsch elaborates that they all were half way correct in their assumptions, but that when put together, their teaching ways equal literacy.

Based on my observations of the assessments, K.M lacks proper fluency and comprehension skills. In addition, based upon her continuous pausing while reading, I can indicate there is a speech area of concern. K.M. battles with making the accurate connections needed to produce reading comprehension. She often appears lost and completely off topic. Although K.M. displays vocabulary understanding, there is a misinterpretation of linking the vocabulary meaning to the actually passage/text being read aloud. Furthermore, K.M. when uncertain about an answer tends to guess a whole heap. The fluency levels show a slight growth, however it is not a huge jump. K.M. assessment indicates she is reading below grade level (2nd grade) and needs intervention

Literature opens our eyes to the different social and cultural standings around the world. For instance, in the book “Thousand Splendid Suns” by Khaled Hosseini, Hassani's parents had believed that education was important and put hassani in school but they married her off at the young age of 13. She was sent away from her family to live with her husband and his family. Prior to reading this book, it was implemented in my brain that education is the

To myself, the definition of literacy is having the ability and means to read and/or write. Although this seems as though it is a stereotypical and common definition, I have found during the course of my life that this definition holds to be true to my personal being. When I was younger, I used to think literacy was simply the literacy book that we read out of during English class. The more that I grew, the more I realized that literacy was having the ability to read the book- not the book itself. While in junior high, my English course was referred to as a literacy course. During this course, we learned on what basis literacy forms. The teacher explained that literacy is not the words on the page; literacy is having the means of reading the words, and having the ability to comprehend what exactly it is that we were reading. Though this seems similar to cultural literacy, it is actually quite different. Cultural literacy is having the ability to comprehend and participate fluently in a particular culture, whereas literacy is just having the ability and means to read and/or write in general.

The theoretical framework is founded on the pretense that much has been written concerning the problems that many students have with the comprehension of reading materials, especially content texts--science, math, and social studies. Alexander (1988) suggested that these children may be those who have little trouble with their basal readers or trade books, yet are unable to derive meaning from what they read in content area textbooks.

Education is held to the highest regard no matter what location one lives in. Without any form of education or knowledge on what shapes the world, the deeper connection between events and the human mind would lay untouched. In order for an individual to understand his/her country, it is imperative that they study cultural literature. It allows for an individual to gain stability in their own country as well as becoming open-minded about their surroundings and other cultures.

Reading is an act of perception, analysis, and interpretation done by the reader to get the message to be conveyed by the author in media writing. According to Farr (in Dalman, 2013: 5) suggests that "Reading is the Heart of Education, the reading of reading comprehension is an essential prerequisite for mastery and enhancement of students' knowledge, so after reading the text the reader should be able to understand the text. First, give information, for example by reading newspapers and magazines, secondly, give entertainment, for example by reading a novel.The third one, most importantly reading can provide new knowledge.The book can provide understanding as well as entertaining and providing information.