The Theory Of Classical Conditioning

The question being investigated is, what impact does classical conditioning have on animal or human life? Classical conditioning is the theory of learning that we will be using to investigate this question. The three aspects of the learning process that were evaluated is acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. During the acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery trials there were different stimulus presented. In the acquisition trial, the US and NS were presented. In the extinction and spontaneous recovery trial, the US were only presented. There were five analysis conducted. In the first analysis it was expected for Sniffy to freeze more frequently in the post-acquisition trial than in the pre-acquisition trial. Second, it was expected for Sniffy to stop and freeze immediately when the light was presented, in extinction trial

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Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning which occurs when two stimuli are paired together repetitively and therefore become associated with each other eventually producing the same response. Classical conditioning was developed from the findings of Ivan Pavlov to account for associations between neutral stimuli and reflexive behavior such as salivation. Pavlov (1927) accidently discovered that dogs began to salivate before they had tasted their food. To support his theory, he carried out experiments using dogs which involved measuring the amount of saliva they produced. In his experiments, food started off as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which produced salivation, an unconditioned response (UCR). They are both unconditioned as they occur naturally without being learned. The dogs were presented with a bell (NS), this provided no salivation. The bell and food were presented together and after many trails an

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus through repeated pairing with that stimulus. (Hoeksema et al, 2009, P.239) Classical conditioning involves reflex behaviour. A simple reflex is an involuntary response that is brought on by a specific stimulus. (Bootzin et al, 1983, P.178) In this essay we will discuss and explore classical conditioning learning theory. In doing so we will focus on a number of experiments specifically Pavlov’s dogs, Little Albert and The Skinner Box. Following on from this the author will compare and contrast classical conditioning to operant conditioning. This essay will conclude by aiming to demonstrate how this type of learning is

Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US) which elicits a specific unconditioned response without prior learning. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) which is a neutral stimulus that after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus becomes associated with it and elicits a conditioned response. Conditioned response (CR) which

The preliminary idea is testing the theory of Pavlov’s Theory. I will be testing on my boyfriend. The condition stimulus will be a doorbell noise that I will play and then right after I play the noise I will through a piece of chocolate at him. I am testing to see how long it will take his brain to get trained that when I play the doorbell noise he will know that the piece of chocolate is going to get thrown at him. He will soon learn the relationship of the sound effect and the chocolate.

Classical conditioning is learning which has been acquired by experience (Terry, 2009).  Pavlov was the first one to experiment classical conditioning by training dogs how to salivate when they heard a bell ring.  In order for Pavlov to be able to do this, the first step was to show the dogs food.  The showing of food would cause the dogs to salivate.  Afterward, Pavlov would ring a bell whenever he brought food out. The experimenter continued to this many times.  Eventually, by the time the

Classical conditioning has been around for some time in psychology. Now we are able to relate classical conditioning to nursing practice and education. Classical conditioning can be defined as a learning process when two stimuli are being paired together over and over. Nausea and vomiting are common in patients experiencing chemotherapy treatment. Patients with cancer are typically exposed to a very specific environment in the hospital. This setting would be the conditioned stimulus. The exposure to the hospital happens before the patient receives chemotherapy, which has nausea and vomiting as side effects. This would be the unconditioned stimulus. A patient being exposed over and over to the

The first real-life instance of a psychological concept during my break was during the drive to Missouri to see family. We always bring our dog, who loves to ride in the car. Normally on this road trip, my dog drools a lot when we stop for food. In order to minimize the the drool, my brother thought it would be a good idea to pack dog treats. This time, we would give the dog a treat when we stopped the car to get food. After a few stops, my dog began to get excited and drool when we stopped the car. This is definitely an example of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning to connect two (or more) events, as well as learning to anticipate events (Myers, 2014). This definitely occurred with my brother and dog during our road trip; My dog began to anticipate the treat he would get when we stopped, so

The “Little Albert” experiment was a study that depicted clear evidence of classical conditioning and stimulus generalization. Classical conditioning refers to learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus.(e.g. A dog hears a bell every time before he is fed, and after repeating this multiple times, the dog is conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell.) Stimulus generalization refers to the reaction one might have to other objects similar in shape, color, size, etc, after a traumatic or very positive experience. (e.g. Someone gets sick after eating an orange and then might feel uncomfortable eating other orange foods.) The examination of these factors, however, left Little

Classical conditioning is a theory that was established by Ivan Pavlov, He suggested the theory while he was studying the digestive systems of Dogs. Classical conditioning is a type of learning where we are able to replace the original stimulus with a new stimulus and gain the same response. This is done by associating the new stimulus with the original one, so that when only the new stimulus is used it will create the same response. An example of this would be when I was in High School I was bullied by a particular group of girls who I used to be friends with, eventually every time I would see them I would become fearful and walk the other way, this caused me not to want to make any new friends because I was fearful they would bully me to, I also became fearful of going to school where I was bullied. The High School and the group of girls (who were my friends at a stage) were a neutral stimulus, until I was bullied by them at school, the school and girls have now become a conditioned

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov made several great discoveries. He discovered many things about classical conditioning, conditioned reflex, subconscious, and a dog’s digestive tract. He won a Nobel Prize Award in 1904, in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on crucial knowledge of the subject has been transformed and expanded (Davis, para. 1)

Born in 1849, Ivan Pavlov’s name became known worldwide due to several reasons. First, Pavlov won the Nobel Peace Prize in his physiological work with collecting a dogs’ gastric juice. His original work then led to the psychological point of view of looking at a dog’s drool, which opened a strictly objective way to analyze how dogs learn, namely classical or Pavlovian conditioning. Pavlov’s work led to many contributions in the medical field and objective studies that are still used today, however, without the use of unethical experimentation on dogs. Pavlovian conditioning is well known, yet there are many misconceptions about the experiment and an individual’s view on Pavlov himself.

In this essay I will outline the main principles of both operant and classical conditioning methods and discuss what both theories have contributed to the field of psychology and what they have taught us about the way in which some human behaviour occurs.

The founder and main contributor in the development of classical conditioning is Russian psychologists Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov, is an acclaimed man of science, who is prominently known for his investigations and experimental findings known as Pavlov’s dogs. While further exploring the canine digestive system, he