The Theory Of Human Behavior

When reviewing the five enduring issues that cut across the subfields of psychology, it is important to utilize these issues when studying the subfields because they affect the way psychologist interpret human functions on a psychological level. The five issues, person- situation, nature-nurture, stability-change, diversity-universality and mind-body, all involve decifering how a human develops or behaves. Although it is difficult to determine which is issue is the most important, I find the person-situation issue very important because a person's behavior can change drastically depending on the situation. The person-situation issue attempts to determine whether a humans actions are defined by their inner characteristics or their current circumstances.

Psychology is one of the newest sciences. Because it is the science of the mind and behavior, it is also less concrete than some of the other sciences. Over the years, social scientists have developed theories or perspectives based off of their observations, research, and the perspectives of other scientists. Although there is some overlap, each of the major perspectives of psychology is unique. As a result, they each have strengths and weaknesses and explain psychology in a different way. One theory, the sociocultural perspective, is exactly what its name suggests. It’s the idea that the society and groups that an individual belongs to are what influences development, thoughts, and behavior. The sociocultural perspective was

Psychology is the scientific “study of the mind” (Gross, 2015) and behavior, which includes the study of humans and animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective (view) about human behavior, there may be several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common assumptions and principles. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behavior. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to do through this essay, where I will briefly explain the theoretical approaches in psychology and aim to focus on an analysis for each perspective which consist of the psychodynamic, humanist, cognitive and behavioral approaches where I will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach separately.

What is Human nature?” To answer these questions, we need to apply sociological imagination to everyday things. We are taught to look at how things affect us personally, but why not to ask yourself how does this issue affect my community, my society, my culture and are their inequalities about this issue? The first attempt of the defining the society is the idea that the individual can understand his own knowledge and measure his own outcome only by locating himself within his period, so that he can distinguish his probabilities in life only by becoming conscious of those all individuals in his

A debate between psychologist, scientists and philosopher thinkers on the spectrum of ‘nature vs. nurture’ arose concerning human development. In the nature versus nurture debate, the term "nature" refers to the genes we inherit while the term "nurture" refers to our outside environment (Nature vs. Nurture: Twin and Adoption Studies). This debate of ‘nature vs. nurture’ has existed for centuries and up to now it is still a topic of major discussion although at present time. Human development is the scientific study of age-related changes in behavior, thinking, emotions and personality (Boyd & Bee, 2005). In order to understand cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that everyone experiences from

Early sociologists, instrumental in the development of sociology’s three foundational theories, --George Herbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each played key roles in establishing the levels and focuses of analysis that are used in applying the three theoretical perspectives to the study of human actions, decisions, behavior, and other external elements, which can be explained not only by analyzing the individual scenario, but also by analyzing the context in which that individual is placed. Although all three theories are interconnected and important in sociology, the theory that is most useful in studying society today is conflict theory.

This essay will outline and compare both biological and behavioural perspectives on human behaviour. The history, major discoveries and theories will be discussed along with some of the most influential theorists in each of these two areas of psychology. This essay will also compare the two areas strengths and weaknesses in the field of psychology.

A sociological perspective on human behavior is connected to the society as a whole. It invites us to look for the connections between the behavior of individuals and the structures of the society in which they live. (Appendix 1)

Psychology is not just philosophical speculation and reasoning over the years it has evolved and it is now also recognised as a science, to understand what psychology is all about it is necessary to know it’s origins and the theorist who brought it out of obscurity, Sigmund Freud. He developed the Psychodynamic or Psychoanalytical perspective to enable better understanding of human behaviour these concepts will be discussed further later in this study. After Freud opened the gateway other perspectives and approaches have been developed, now with five main areas of psychology - Cognitive, Behaviourist, Biopsychology and Humanist approaches. For a comparison with the Psychodynamic theory, Behaviourist Theory will be discussed.

Cognitive Behavior Practice Theory new revised model Cognitive Behavior Therapy along with ABC model and automatic thoughts can be applied to Jackie. Numerous studies have been conducted on cognitive behavior theory connecting to symptoms of depression. Jackie struggles with untreated side effects of depression: unexplained fatigue, loss of appetite, and decrease in motivation that stems from her way of thinking. Untreated depression can increase the chances of drug or alcohol usage, ruin relationships, cause problems at work, and can make it extremely difficult to overcome illnesses. Cognitive Behavior therapy is what counselor in social work and psychology believe their clients behaviors and emotions are greatly influenced by their thoughts.

The study of history enables a society to understand the present better, prevent one from thinking the past is always better, and aids in the understanding of human nature. Psychology is an ever changing and evolutionary field. Recent years have presented numerous changes and increasing interest by many individuals, which have been inspired to help enhance the growth of modern psychology (Woodworth, 1918, p. 1). The use of the certain tools that have been deemed to be reliable in the fields of biology and physical sciences have been implemented in modern psychology to aid in the fields' growth to take on an identity of its own (Schultz & Schultz, 2004, p. 2). This paper will discuss the personalistic and naturalistic theory and how the two

To draw conclusions about human behavior and the way humans function, personality theory uses a distinct perspective. Behaviorists essentially focus on an individual’s behavior, and how environment affects that behavior. In the case of Ms. Smith, she has experienced cognitive decline for the past five years, as well as a change in personality and behavior within the past year. Ms. Smith struggles with remembering responsibilities such as paying bills and other mundane activities; she has difficulty staying attentive and a tendency to misplace possessions. She is under the delusion that people are out to get her. A therapeutic diagnosis to Ms. Smith’s condition could possibly suggest that she suffers from schizophrenia, clinical depression or simply a disconnect with others. Behaviorists believe environmental factors play a big role in the evolution of a person, suggesting that a learned behavior can be unlearned. Ms. Smith’s illness must be interpreted as a result of maladaptive learning; root causes do not reflect symptoms such as hers.

Relationships exist in every possible corner of humanity. The adage regarding strength in numbers is a relevant point to deliberate when discussing the benefits and deficits of belongingness. “The ‘belongingness hypothesis’ states that people have a basic psychological need to feel closely connected to others, and that caring, affectionate bonds from close relationships are a major part of human behavior” (Selterman, 2014). People are driven to form and keep positive and significant relationships with others who reciprocate concern and care. The need to belong motivates human behavior, emotion and thought. Whether looking from a theological perspective, “But you belong to God…” (John 4:4, English Standard Version) or an evolutionary view of cell mutations and adaptations, it is inarguable that successful procreation ensures the survivability of mankind. In this act of procreation lies the very reason it is a human necessity to have relationships and seek a level of belonging. Normal and healthy development depends on the associations we form and the existence of humanity is proof of the innateness of belonging. “There is abundant evidence that social bonds form easily. Indeed, people in every society on earth belong to small primary groups that involve face-to-face, personal interactions” (Baumeister, 1995). Whether the relationship is romantic, filial, sibling-oriented, friendly, or based on a need to survive is of little consequence in this dialog. It is quintessential

By nature, we are all amateur psychologists, constantly trying to, through the informal study of ourselves and others, make inferences and predictions about other’s behaviour. This in turn has led to the creation of many “common sense” notions, or cultural beliefs about the nature of human behaviour that, while often espoused as factual and true, tend to hold up poorly when faced with legitimate scientific scrutiny, with an example being the belief that individuals always work harder in a group than on their own. Since, while it is undeniable that, by nature, we are social rather than solitary animals and that working in groups has had many advantages to the evolution of our species by allowing us to, for example, increase our safety in

In modern day society bestiality and zoophilia are more often than not automatically associated as a sexual taboo and being morally wrong. As this is often always assumed, rarely is discussed to why this is the case, what is the reasoning behind our pre-disposed notations of what these two words mean? Generally people cite reasons such as because the normal reaction is disgust it must be morally wrong, or that because animals are unclean it would hazardous to one’s health (Milligan , 2011). These assumptions seem to be common and often used in place of a more scientific and ethical discussion on why bestiality is frowned upon. For instance, as animals cannot give consent sexual relations even those considered mutual should be considered as interspecies sexual assault. It may also be considered abnormal behavior as there have been many studies showing that bestiality occurring in children creates more unstable people later in life suggesting that this deviant behavior has negative effects(Beetz, 2005), (Earls, 2009), (Hensley, 2010), (Holoyda, 2016). It is no coincidence that bestiality occurs most frequently among violent offenders, sex offenders and those that have been sexually abused.