In his book, How To Create A Mind, Ray Kurzweil expresses his belief that the way the human mind works is not as different from today’s advanced computers as others, including some in artificial intelligence, may think. Kurzweil attempts to break down thinking, the physical brain, and other elements of the mind. He compares these to technologies that are currently in existence, and explains how the merging of the two is right around the corner thanks to one of the main ideas of his book, the Pattern Recognition Theory of Mind, and the Law of Accelerating Returns. The following paragraphs allow for more understanding of the main themes and ideas Kurzweil wrote about, my opinion on social impacts the book may have, as well what I liked and disliked about the book. Kurzweil starts the discussion of how the human mind works by first mentioning some thought experiments from famous scientists of the past to show how their thinking led to important discoveries. He then encourages the reader to conduct their own experiments, including reciting the alphabet both forwards and backwards, or remembering details about someone you have seen once or twice vs someone you see on a regular basis. The point of these thought experiments is to show the reader that our thinking in the brain works by hierarchical patterns. Following the section covering the process of thinking, Kurzweil writes in detail about the neocortex, the outside layer of the brain that is responsible for “sensory
In this essay Carr’s appeal to logos is the strongest, because he shows the effect of internet to our brain. Carr explained how Michael Merzenich a scientist believe that our brain massively remodeled by the use of internet. In the 1970s and 1980s Michael conduct a famous series of experiment on our brains and how the neural in our brain response to this experiment. He was
Carr does not present his theory on cognition with only his own opinion and reason; he adds many different resources from which he compiled information in support of his argument, including that from many prominent scientists in the field of neuroscience. However, Carr only seems to focus on the fact that technology
The idea of Artificial Intelligence began as a mere philosophical idea, simply a puzzle that provided food for thought for curious minds. In the 1940's, however, with the invention of the first computers, the notion then had the means to transcend simple abstract speculation and became a rather alluring potential actuality and goal in the technological community. It was not until the 1950's, however, that the link between human intelligence and machines was really observed spawning a technological boom that would precipitate to immense proportions, entirely reshaping our daily lives. Today, "Researchers are creating systems which can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and countless other feats never before possible" (The History of AI 1). The rapid fervor to which the researchers latched on to the further development of this infant technology, coincides eerily to that of the intense desire Shelley portrayed in Victor as he literally emptied his entire soul and being into his obsession of creating life. As Victor so splendidly illustrates a quest of this sort and in this manner is blinding and for this reason scarily dangerous. For just as Victor stood dumbfounded and
At this point Carr again proving he is lacking the proper material to make this argument because now he saying how AI is going to control your mind and all the meaningless material he compiled to make this longer. The author has demonstrated so far that he is very poor at finding material for a proper argument even though the opinion he has on the matter is the same view as me. Carr is just running in circles not making a difference now that he losing his argument with awful information to support the subject an elementary student could have compiled a better argument than this guy. The positive remark that related to his argument was an analogy that he made saying “The human brain is just an outdated computer that needs a faster processor and a bigger hard drive” (Carr 4). This implies to the fact that everyone wants to draw out the brains max potential so we can have a society of
Society today is greatly influenced by technology and the impact it has had within the past 20 years. One of the largest breakthroughs, though, is Artificial Intelligence (A.I.). The technology associated with A.I. has greatly developed in the past years, and is only making devices smarter. When someone mentions technology, or even the technological breakthroughs the world has gone through recently, many people go straight to smartphones and computers. A.I. is often overlooked, or put into a general category of "technology". Yet, artificial intelligence is something that should we not be so quick to dismiss, and should be something that gets people talking and even excited for what the future holds.
T., & Freberg, L. A. (2013). The science of mind: the discipline of psychology. In C. Crabtree (Ed.), Discovering psychology: The science of mind (pp. 32-33). Belmont, CA:
If an individual were to stumble across some current issues, one may hear word that smart technology, such as mobile devices, has driven humanity down a narrow path to the destruction of the mind and way of thinking. Although no solid evidence can be provided as to whether or not this change is lowering the human intelligence, one cannot help but notice society's change in the methods of interaction and communication. Perhaps it is not that there may be a lack of intelligence, but rather the birth of a new way of thinking and storing memories. It has been proven through current studies that human thinking has abundantly expanded in one area of the brain and yet shows the complete opposite results in a different area. There is an explanation
Describe what evolutionary psychologists mean when they employ the term ‘theory of mind’. Use examples and research studies from Book 1, Chapter 2 to show why this theory is important in evolutionary psychology.
The Representational Theory of Mind proposes that we, as both physiological and mental beings, are systems which operate based on symbols and interpretations of the meanings of such symbols rather than beings which operate just on physiological processes (chemical reactions and biological processes). It offers that humans and their Minds are computing machines, mental software (the Mind) which runs on physical hardware (the body). It suggests, too, that we are computing machines functioning as something other than a computing machine, just as every other machine does.
* Developments in computer science would lead to parallels being drawn between human thought and the computational functionality of computers, opening entirely new areas of psychological thought. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon spent years developing the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and later worked with cognitive psychologists regarding the implications of AI. The effective result was more of a framework conceptualization of mental functions with
Artificial intelligence is “the capability of a device to perform functions that are normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning and manipulating factual and heuristic knowledge, including the ability to make decisions, understand language, and respond to outside stimuli.” (Hosea, Harikrishnan, Rajkumar 124). Today’s artificial intelligence is in its early stages, there are only a few systems that are able to reach the requirements to categorize these systems as intelligent. Thoughts and emotions are the two things that have
The Science of Mind philosophy is not an abstract spiritual theory, but rather, a study of Consciousness, and, specifically, our expression of It. Ernest Holmes considered this study of Mind to be a science, in that it correlates principles and practices that can be applied and proven to be effective. Even so, the correlation of principles and practices is not what makes the Science of Mind a practical philosophy to live by. Anyone can deduce principles and devise practices that enhance and advance their favorite theory of everything. Every religiously minded group has done just that. Science of Mind distinguishes itself as a practical philosophy because of its teachings on the nature of Law, and its emphasis on the application of the principles of this Law in our life.
The movement toward a new science of mind now had undeniable momentum. Conceptually behavior was failing as a satisfactory explanation of behavior. Behaviorism, the dominant explanatory paradigm, was failing. Around the same time that behaviorism was faltering, emerging technologies such as communication systems and computers, provided useful models for describing the process of thinking and investigating its components.
Cognition is the mental actions of gaining knowledge, processing and understanding through perception, experience, and the senses. The notion of cognition is closely related to such intellectual concepts as mind, reasoning, perception, intelligence, and learning that outline numerous capabilities of human mind and expected properties of synthetic intelligence. Therefore, cognitive science has been brought out to examine what cognition is, what it does and how it works. According to Paul Thagard (2010), cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of human mind and intelligence. The aim is to understand the phenomena of thinking and the relationship between brain and mind. In general, cognitive science can be classified into six major applied branches: linguistics, artificial intelligence, philosophy, cognitive psychology, cognitive anthropology and cognitive neuroscience (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
In the future, we may be able to build a computer that is comparable to the human brain, but not until we truly understand one thing. Lewis Thomas talks about this in his essay, "Computers." He says, "It is in our collective behavior that we are most mysterious. We won't be able to construct machines like ourselves until we've understood this, and we're not even close" (Thomas 473). Thomas wrote this essay in 1974, and although we have made many technological advances