The Theory Of Planned Behavior

The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) developed by Ajzen and Madden (1986) is one of the most extensively used theories explaining the attitude-behaviour relationship (Manstead & Parker, 1995). The TPB has three principal constituents, attitude toward the behaviour, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC). The relationship of these factors to behaviour is mediated by behavioural intention (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). The first component of the TPB, attitude is defined as, the amount that the behaviour to be performed is positively or negatively evaluated (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). The second

Have you ever been grocery shopping and witness a family with a cart full of junk food, sugar-sweetened sodas and microwavable dinners? These things are bought because they are a quick fix for parents having to cook for their children which creates unhealthy eating habits. Research suggest that children develop most of their food habits through exposure and repeated experiences. Studies also show that eating dinner together as a family promotes healthful eating habits in children by increasing their consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, as well as decreasing the consumption of fats. Establishing a meal time increases the likelihood that children are getting a notorious and balanced diet (M.W Gillman 235:40.) Parents play a crucial role in the growth and development in children, if children see that their parents sit at home and eat unhealthy snacks, children cannot be expected to eat

children. In this program, parents are empowered to teach children how to eat healthy. Research

Medication adherence is the concept of complying with a prescribed medication without deviation. Working on an inpatient floor with chronically ill children who take multiple medications on a daily basis is very challenging. Access to resources, education on medications, motivation to comply with medication regimens, and the capability of patients and families to obtain the prescribed medications are all factors that can affect adherence. Justice and beneficence are two other factors that can play a role in medication adherence. The focus of this paper will be on medication adherence in chronic patient populations. The Theory of Planned Behavior will be used as the basis of the framework for this paper.

There is a biblical text that states, “when I want to do right I do wrong”. Ok, so where am I going with this discussion? No one perfect….. Yes, surprise not one person falls into the perfect category. So, now, that the playing field is leveled; let’s play, shall we.

Some findings from this study included “change-experimental and change-behavioral processes that contributed to the transition from pre-contemplation stage to contemplation stage, factors that contributed to the change from the contemplation stage to the preparation stage were change-behavioral processes and decisional balance-cons; and self-efficacy played a part in the transition from the preparation to action stage” (Jeon, Kim, and Heo, 2014). In general, it is important to exercise routinely, but especially in college students because they are living on their own and no longer have the security of their parents to rely on and must fend for themselves; this can lead to unhealthy food choices and lack of activity which can result in gained weight or obesity. Family Nurse Practitioners assist patients with health promotion and this study shows different ways that TTM can aid the college generation with increasing their exercise. Jeon et al., (2014) showed in university students that “when exercise behavior change is low, strategies such as giving one-to-one training, having the subjects read relevant books, and providing information are needed; and when exercise behavior change is high, it is necessary to heighten self-efficacy by having subjects select and freely conduct appropriate kinds of

The transtheoretical model is one of the best models to use for analyzing physical activity because it takes into account the attitude changes, time measurement of behavior change, helping and maintaining the desired behavior using different strategies for each stage. The transtheoretical model has five states of change that consist of pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination. Pre-contemplation is when an individual is unaware or does not intend to change their current behavior. An example of this would be someone with a negative attitude to switching from his or her sedentary lifestyle to include physical activity. Contemplation refers to an individual who is considering making a behavior change, such as deliberating on increasing physical activity even though they have not started yet. Preparation refers to when an individual has made the decision to begin taking action, meaning they have a plan and strategies in place to increase their physical activity. Action is when an individual acts on his or her new behavior change of incorporating physical activity into their lifestyle. Maintenance is when an individual has made the health behavior change and is now focused on keeping the change going. The termination stage means that the individual has completed the process of the behavior change and it is not just a part of their daily routines. The transtheoretical model was most appropriate because similar studies that have been conducted on women with diabetes and osteoporosis based on this model and it has been successful in changing the physical activity behaviors (Pirzadeh, Mostafavi, Ghofranipour, & Feizi, 2015). Additionally, the processes of change work best at each stage to facilitate progress and prevent relapse. Since women in countries like Iran don’t have access to

Childhood obesity is a problem that has doubled in the United States over the last 30 years (Ogden et al., 2104). In Oregon, low-income and minority children are at a greater risk to be overweight, or obese. In 2011, The Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance Survey found that 14.7% of children aged 2-5 who participate in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) nutritional program were obese(PEDNSS, 2011). Healthy food is generally more expensive than unhealthy food, and so it is easier for low-income families to buy unhealthy food. Not only has childhood obesity increased, but also so have secondary illnesses due to obesity. Obesity can cause various secondary diseases, including cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and type-2 diabetes

Theory of Planned Behavior is influenced by an individual’s attitude towards a health behavior (Cameron, Ginsburg, Westhoff, Mendez, & Roque, 2012). The Theory of Planned Behavior according to Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, (2008), provides a systematic method that helps determine the issues that are most important to a person’s decisions after having performed a specific behavior. The constructs obtained in the Theory of Planned Behavior are: attitudes, behavioral intentions, subjective norms, social norms, perceived power, and perceived behavioral control (Boston University School of Public Health,

For example, a person may choose not to walk or bike to the store or to work because of a lack of sidewalks or safe bike trails. Community, home, child care, school, health care, and workplace settings can all influence people's daily behaviors and it’s hard for people to be physically active. Moreover, work schedules of people often say that they don't have time to be physically active because of long work hours and time spent commuting. Genes and family history, diseases, drugs, emotional factors, smoking, and lack of sleep also lead to obesity.

1.1 A child’s lifestyle even from a young age will impact his or her health throughout adolescence and adulthood. According to Health People, “Diet reflects the foods and beverages consumed over time and in various settings such as worksites, schools, restaurants, and the home. Interventions to support a healthier diet can help ensure that individuals have the knowledge and skills to make healthier choices and healthier options are available and affordable (Healthy People). In order to live a full and healthy life, children should be exposed to proper nutrition and exercise. I believe that it is up to parents and school systems to provide environments that support healthy choices. In contrast, low-levels of exercise coupled with unhealthy diets can result in a child being overweight and developing chronic diseases.

Physical activity can help children become more active and prevent becoming obese, according to this statement it states that, “Furthermore, genetic studies suggest that most children are at risk of weight gain, and that strategies to prevent obesity in a child population – such as encouraging healthful diets and plentiful physical activity – will benefit the health of all children, whether at risk of obesity or not”(obesityreviews). Parents would like to play in a role of preventing obesity for themselves and their children as well, according to this statement it states that, “Parents strongly believed they should play an important role in any obesity prevention strategies. They did not believe real and lasting behaviour change can be achieved by targeting children alone, suggesting strategies should target parents

The health issue of childhood obesity affects the well-being of many children and adolescents; however, applying Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein’s Theory of Planned Behavior directly reflects the behaviors of the parents and their influential habits on their children. Before the Theory of Planned Behavior, Ajzen and Fishbein developed the Theory of Reasoned Action based off of Donelson E. Dulany’s Theory of Propositional Control from 1968 (Boster, Shaw, Carpenter, & Massi-Lindsey, 2014). The Theory of Reasoned Action consists of four major elements, “normative social pressure (the subjective norm), affect (attitude toward the behavior), cognition (behavioral intention), and action (behavior)” (Boster et al., 2014, pp.700), which illustrates

Small changes can make a big difference in every child’s life. Many reported feeing at peace as long as their kids ate some breakfast. It did not matter whether it was greasy fast food breakfast sandwich or wholesome home-made meal (Laurie, Couric, and Soechtig). Studies show that most families in our country simply do not know how to be healthy. Some parents were selected to work with pediatrician and nutritionist, who showed them what five pounds of fat looks like versus five pounds of muscle. All were shockingly surprised and agreed to proceed to the healthier lifestyle for their families. Health care professionals guarantee that it is not an impossible situation to fix.

There are many benefits to establishing a healthy lifestyle early in childhood and these benefits can last the rest of the child’s life. According to an article entitled, Promoting healthy eating and an active lifestyle in schoolchildren, dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence can affect a child throughout adulthood and can influence future preferences and behaviors related to food (O’Connor, 2011, p. 48). This shows the great importance of helping a child develop healthy dietary patterns during childhood so that the child is set up for a healthy future in adulthood. This article goes on to state that, “poor diet and poor physical activity patterns in childhood can lead to problems that manifest later in life” (O’Connor, 2011, p. 48). Examples given in the article include: heart disease, obesity, type two