The Theory Of Reasoned Action

This theory was first created by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1980. This theory provides a framework to study the attitudes that support behaviours and suggests that the most important determinate of an individual’s behaviour is their behavioural intent. This is the individual’s intention to preform a certain behaviour, which is formed from a combination of their attitude towards the behaviour and the subject norm. (The subject norm is the individual’s perception of what others expect them to do).

It has substantial success in predicting a variety of behaviors (Conner & Sparks, 1996). It details the causes of an individual's decision to behave in a particular manner. Theory of Planned Behavioral is rooted in the fact that behavior reflects expected value. It aims to explain rationally motivated, intentional health and non-health behaviors. Extremely specific behavioral intentions measures that closely match the intended behaviors are used in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Behavioral intention measures can assess planning. The Theory of Planned Behavioral provides an account of the elements of behavior when both motivation and opportunity to process information are high (Conner & Armitage, 1998). Self-efficacy plays a vital role in this

planned behavior, if we want to predict a behavior we need to know three things: (1) attitude

The beliefs’ and behaviors’ models can also be called social cognition models and they can report ‘the ways beliefs predict behavior mostly via behavioural intentions” (Ogden, 2017, p. 32). But behavior changes are not always from initial intentions. We often intend to do something good, but then an unpredicted event happens, and the whole thing is disorganized. The solution for this problem is to set goals and make plans. The more specific you are, the better. You can determine the goals as SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely. If possible, share your plans and

Engaging in exercise everyday would help reduce the risk of lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The counties could also educate the people on the dangers of smoking and as such spearhead campaigns to help people quit smoking. The theory of planned behavior is used to predict deliberate behavior in individuals since behavior can be planned and deliberative. The theory could be applied in reversing the health trends in the counties with emphasis on whether to exercise or use condoms when having sex. Further, there exists a correlation between independently healthy eating behaviors with barriers, such as attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm, evident in the theory of planned behavior3. The health policymakers in the counties would have to assume that people process every piece of information and act accordingly and thus would be compelled to quit smoking and result to exercise. This theory would fit the intervention plan due to its efficiency to explain intention, perceived behavioral control being as important as attitude across health-related behavior

The Expectancy Theory suggests that individuals choose a particular course of action after they have – often subconsciously – evaluated three critical components of the theory.

A theory often used in the research of individual health behavior and behavioral intentions is the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). According to this theory, the performance of any behavior depends on behavioral intention. Behavioral intention is viewed as being dependent on behavioral beliefs (e.g., attitude towards the behavior), normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Normative beliefs are beliefs about the expectations of others, and control beliefs are beliefs about the factors that may help or hinder the performance of the behavior. The framework for the study of physical activity discussed earlier by Armitage (2005) is based on this theory. That study found that behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs all contribute to physical activity behavior.

Theory of Planned Behavior is influenced by an individual’s attitude towards a health behavior (Cameron, Ginsburg, Westhoff, Mendez, & Roque, 2012). The Theory of Planned Behavior according to Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, (2008), provides a systematic method that helps determine the issues that are most important to a person’s decisions after having performed a specific behavior. The constructs obtained in the Theory of Planned Behavior are: attitudes, behavioral intentions, subjective norms, social norms, perceived power, and perceived behavioral control (Boston University School of Public Health,

The Rational Choice model, developed originally by Anthony Downs, suggests that most voters do not strongly identify with political parties. By providing a model that places voters and each party candidate on a scale ranging from extremely liberal to extremely conservative, rational choice allows for the understanding of a person’s decision to vote. As Dr. Daron Shaw argues, by using “proximity voting” or “directional voting,” we can understand how voters decide how to vote by analyzing several relevant factors influencing their support for a specific party candidate. However, criticisms on the rational choice model are apparent in that it assumes a high level of knowledge, a “single dimension” in “political competition,” and incorrect prediction

The theory of reasoned action would appear to possess the necessary conceptual elements to explain and predict BPD. In addition, considering strong genetic ties between bipolar and other mental illness in the family’s history that predict BPD. BPD consists of core features that include emotional dysregulation, high levels of impulsivity, leading to self-harm and suicidality, and disturbed interpersonal functioning (Fonagy et al., 2011). Furthermore, a BPD client will engage others through intense attachments such as idealizing and devaluing, which negatively impacts others in their environment (Cozolino, 2014). Based on the theory of reasoned action, a person with BPD will either idealize or devalue their relationships because the attitude

Expectancy theory proposes that an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. For example, everybody should wash their hands after using the rest room. Cleaning hands is one of the most important steps to take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many diseases and conditions are spread by not washing hands with soap and water. One of my good friends Trae, decided to cook shrimp chicken carbonara for lunch last Saturday. Trae is a little muscled, naturally tan, natural black hair, clean shave, he had on a blue baggy short and tight white shirt. He has a low fade hair, dark brown eyes. While cooking lunch he decided to

When considering health psychology it is important to recognise the various models it is made up of. The basis of this essay will be to take a look at the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour, considering their historical origins, the positives and negatives of applying these approaches and examples of when they have been used. After some analysis it may offer some insight into possible improvements that could be implemented from further research. Also included will be an overview of how the models compare to each other and critical evaluation of research from this field.

For a variety of reasons and excuses, one student, we’ll call him Skip, always disregards his readings before his Comm 1101 class. Two theories that explain this self-destructive behavior are the Social Judgement Theory and Theory of Reasoned Action. Social Judgment Theory deals with the social context of a situation and how one’s frame of reference influences judgement. Within this theory, there are three latitudes: acceptance, rejection, and noncommitment. Past viewpoints and beliefs affect where messages land on one’s latitude scale.

From Week 4 lecture, I have learnt about the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Initially, I thought that if a person intend to do something, they will put in their best effort to do it. However, I realized that I was wrong because ‘intention does not always accurately predict behaviour when there is a reflex or conditioned response involved.’(Long-Crowell, 2003) For example, ‘my friend with a phobia may intend to stay calm and collected when faced with their fear, but may end up having a panic attack instead.’(Long-Crowell, 2003) After this lecture, I have learnt that this theory explores the relationship between attitudes and behaviour. A person who have the intention to change is determined by attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. For example, a person who know about the negative effects are more willing to quit smoking.

The TPB (Ajzen, 1985; 1991) was developed following an extension of the socio psychological Theory of Reasoned Action or TRA (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) as a result of the original model’s limitations in dealing with behaviours over which people have incomplete volitional control. According to the theory, both attitude toward behaviour (Act) and subjective norms (SN) are immediate determinants of intention to perform behaviour. The TPB further proposes that intention to perform behaviour is the immediate cause of such behaviour. It represents motivational components, that is, the extent to which a person will exercise conscious effort in carrying out any intended behavioural actions.