The Theory Of Self And Self Presentation

Adam Smith born 1723-1790 a Scottish philosopher and Economist. Defending the morals of acceptability of pursuing one's self- interest quoted in Document C “Every man is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest in his own way.” Smith gains into the general utility of society knowns as the the invisible hand argument. In the Wealth of Nations smith reveals the interests of merchants and manufacturers were opposed to those of society and had a tendency of pursuing their own interest. Smith wasn’t one to let religious attitude stop his thinking. He believed that more wealth to common people would benefit a nation's economy and society as a whole, stated in the The Wealth of Nation. Smith’s main

Over time, this powerful theoretical proposition has become a legitimating cornerstone for the robust defense of market capitalism, a particular ensemble of political institutions, and a specific line of justification for liberal ideas and values. Though manifestly plausible as an accurate reading of Smith when Wealth of Nations is read on its own, even on these terms, this interpretation, is limited and partial. Astonishingly, and disappointingly, most readers of Wealth of Nations fail to attend the very next sentence that follows Smith's seemingly transhistorical, objectivist theory of human dispositions, mindful of Mandeville's classical representation of human egoism. Smith immediately probed more deeply by asking "Whether this propensity be one of those original principles in human nature of which no further account can be given; or whether, as

In his book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman (1959) focuses on the self as a staged production in which people actively present themselves to different audiences one encounters. To bolster his conceptualization, Goffman used an interesting metaphor of “all the world’s a stage” (1959, 254). This, he terms as a “dramaturgical approach” (Goffman 1959, 240) in which an actor puts on a show for others; drawing analogies between human behaviors and the theater. Goffman (1959) likens the individual to an actor on stage performing for and with other individuals involved in the situation. Three types of space exist for the actor to perform on, to enact the self, and to interact with others: the front stage, the backstage, the outer region. Goffman (1959) utilizes specific dramaturgical terms such as performance, teams, front and back regions, sign-vehicles, and highlights the process of dramatic realization. These terms will be discussed in the following sections.

Called the Father of Modern Economics, Adam Smith was an enormous advocate for private markets. He supported an economic system based on the decision making by individuals instead of the government. Smith felt that no one person or a group is fit to make decisions for a whole population of people and that the population knows how to make decisions for its welfare. In Smith’s mind, people work to supplement their own lives, and when people seek individual economic gain then they unexpectedly promote society and stimulate the economy subconsciously. If people earn more money by working harder then almost all people will work harder. Smith insinuates that people are naturally self preserving and by default selfish; but to a point. Everyone has something that they want and in this world most things can be obtained if a person has enough money. Smith believes that every man should be free to

Smith believed that self, self-interest, and self-determination, all were mechanisms where individuals are motivated to gain wealth and power for individual gain and group gain. Smith believed that ‘self' is a matrix of reason and passion (Levine, 1998). Furthermore, Smith believed that sympathy leads to empathy, and our individual self-determination leads to accumulation of wealth that benefits others as well as us (Levine, 1998). Examples of this concept are evident in our current economic society today. We see Bill Gates and Microsoft providing technology to communicate more efficiently, Henry Ford's posterity changing the transportation market, and many others who impact man with their accumulation of wealth.

Most people face self esteem problems at different levels. At some point in life people face this problem without realizing it. In the essay The Trouble with Self-Esteem written by Lauren Slater starts of by demonstrating a test. Self esteem test that determines whether you have a high self-esteem or low self-esteem. The question to be answered however is; what is the value and meaning of self-esteem? The trouble with self-esteem is that not everyone approaches it properly, taking a test or doing research based of a certain group of people is not the way to do so.

It is said Smith’s mother led him to his scholarly efforts. By 1740, Smith had developed a passion for freedom in that personal freedom and liberty will lead to the best possible outcome. Because of this, Smith is often regarded as an essential proponent in laissez-faire. By 1748, Smith was teaching and giving lectures at Edinburgh. It was here that Smith first established his economic thoughts about freedom and liberty. By his late 20’s, Smith had already developed the passion for liberty, reason, and free speech.

As humans it's in our nature to to be self-indulgent to fulfill your desires and whim before anything else. so it's only natural that when a men and women to work in a field they enjoy and succeed in that said field. smith states that “ every individual is continually exerting himself to find the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he command. it os his own advantage, indeed, and not that of society, which he has in view. But the study of his own which is most advantage to society”(document2, paragraph2). Smith concludes that men doing pursuing what may help suit their best self-interest inversely helps society. when individuals each trying to best each other in hopes 0f self-indulgent results in innovations, life changing ideas, and marketing which ultimately helps benefit our society

An important aspect of Smith's views, were taxes. In one of Smith's many opinions regarding human nature, he explains that the rich, once placed in a position of power, maintain that power through their dealings within a civil government which employs men of inferior wealth, to protect the wealthy lands of the rich. In layman’s terms a community with the bare minimum has little violence since there is nothing to fight over, but one with plush property and wealth, has a plethora of people fighting over one another. This is where Smith's views of taxes comes into play. In his world, the government would impose taxation, with the intentions of discouraging improper or luxurious behavior which he believed did not benefit society as a whole. (Smith, pp.18-20) When discussing human nature in the sociological spectrum, Smith likens humans to animals, or dogs in particular. The typical reliance of animals, once they're matured,on no one but themselves (becoming independents), is a characteristic that humans do not follow. I believe Smith's

Adam Smith was a British economist and philosopher who lived in Britain from 1723 until his death in 1790. His writings in The Theory Of Moral Sentiments (1759) and The Wealth Of Nations (1776) were the foundation of the modern capitalist system, and were wrote during- and in the wake of- the collapse of feudalism . During the era of feudalism, strict class structures allowed the upper class nobility to exploit the proletariat for the pursuit of profit, with poor working conditions, low wages and decreased quality of life for workers and their families as consequence. Smith believed that the alleviation of poverty was the key to economic success, and essentially developed the ideas in the

Smith's arrangement of moral philosophy, as outlined in his work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, is founded on the sentiment of sympathy, which, Smith maintained, provides the basis for humankind's judgments about both the legitimacy and value of individual’s actions and emotions. As Smith points out, in order to form sound judgments about the behavior of others, people must have the capacity to make judgments about their own conduct that are free of self-interest. In what is viewed as the most unique aspect of Smith's ethical hypothesis, he contended that the only way to avoid self-deception in our assessments of ourselves is to see our own actions through the eyes of an "ideal impartial spectator," a person possessed of perfect virtue who

Thomas Hobbes and Francis Hutcheson both represent a move towards a materialist and psychologistic explanations of morality. Stemming from the nominalist views characteristic of the early modern period, both thinkers are influenced by a need for clarity, and apodicticity in philosophy in general, along with moral philosophy specifically. Specifically moral claims can and should be reduced to emotions and sensibility rather than some vague notion of "rational nature". Specifically, moral claims can be reduced to the moral emotions: shame, sympathy, love etc. The main difference between these thinkers is that Hobbes holds that these emotions in turn are ultimately reducible to self-interest. This is most pertinent in the case of sympathy: the most traditionally selfless emotion. Hutcheson notably differs from Hobbes, instead argues that sympathy is part of a more holistic moral sense, that is not reducible to the pleasure or pain of the individual. This paper will argue that while coming from a similar methodological background, Hutcheson manages to successfully respond to Hobbes on the issue of sympathy.

When applied to economics, Adam Smith’s ideas of sympathy and morality actually drive his ideas of the division of labor and capitalism. Firstly, as Smith explains in Theory of Moral Sentiments, sympathy actually creates a longing and appreciation for wealth, as wealth is seen as an escape from suffering. He says that since humans want others to want to sympathize with them, they flaunt their wealth and hide their misery. This is because, due to the nature of sympathy, seeing

Adam Smith, was an influential economist and philosopher who created a foundation for economics in “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” (1759); Setting forth a theory of morals that many of us still echo today. Smith, in his book distinguishes between man’s natural rules and virtues while discussing how our ethical sentiments function on an individual level and in society. A sentiment, is as an attitude, thought or judgement prompted by a feeling, which according to smith is the basis of our moral judgment. Morality, says smith, comes from man’s ability to sympathize both directly and indirectly with other people. However, according to smith, we must assess our sentiments critically, because they are essential to the survival and justice of our society.

An individual 's self-perception can positively or negatively affect a work environment. As human tends to feel bias when perceiving themselves, various individuals often suffer from self-enhancement bias or self-effacement bias. Individuals suffering from extremely cases of self-enhancement bias or self-effacement bias will lead to a negative work environment as they will feel dissatisfied or discontent with their job and obligations in a company. Individuals suffering from extreme self-enhancement bias tends to that they are not being recognized and rewarded for their superior works, which can leads to the false consensus error. The false consensus error occurs when an employee or worker assumes that they can commit unethical behaviors like telling a lie or taking credit for another 's work because they genuinely believe that their dishonest actions frequently transpire in society and in the work place. Meanwhile, individuals suffering from extreme cases of self-effacement bias generally possess low-self-confidence and cannot relinquish their feelings of self-blame for any major or minor blunder or failures they have committed. As a result of their low self-esteem, individuals with self-effacement bias feels uncomfortable and out of place in their workplace, leading to deficient work performance and subpar work efforts after a period of time. However, self-enhancement bias and self-effacement bias does not always lead to a negative work environment as it can also help an