The Theory Of The Natural Sciences

| The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible

The word “knowledge” was recurring many times throughout Frankenstein novel and attracted or forced the reader to find out the true definition of it. Curiously, I decided to look up the definition of knowledge from the Webster 's Dictionary. It defines, “Knowledge: n. Understanding gained by actual experience; range of information; clear perception of truth; something learned and kept in the mind.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) I realized this word is very straightforward, but has many useful and different meanings to all of us. It is also powerful tool to determine and control the result of our judgment. “Knowledge consists in recognizing the difference between good and bad decisions”. (Knowledge Intellectual

Knowledge is what our society is based on and it can be obtained through numerous ways, including the three ways of knowing: emotions, reasons and sense perception. ‘An emotion is an affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, or the like, is experienced, as distinguished from cognitive and volitional states of consciousness’. ‘Reasons are statements presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action’. Last but not least is the sense of perception: ‘the understanding gained

Anaximander: Babies are defenceless at birth if the first human would have somehow materialised on the earth as an infant it would not have remained alive. Anaximander concluded that people must have advanced from other animals.

THE SCIENTIFIC THEORY: aka I’ve scoured the net, and yet none have mentioned the following theory pertaining to The Retribution of Mara Dyer

Knowledge is possessed in one form or another by every human being capable of thinking on this earth. Knowledge could be anything from knowing the score of the baseball

Shared knowledge is knowledge that is deemed to be universally accepted and thus has the reliability to be shared in means such as disciplines taught in school whereas Personal knowledge is often built through ones feelings, emotions, perspectives and opinions, as well as how an individual would interpret the world around them, through their senses, and often is not shared, due to its subjectivity and lack of reliability following suit.

Knowledge is the state of awareness or understanding gained from experience or study and learning specific information about something. This means a person has the resourcefulness to obtain and criticize

Each author arouses very different expectations for the reader by using three distinct metaphors to explain negotiation. Fells uses DNA as a metaphor to explain negotiation, Reardon uses a roller coaster, and Moore uses a relationship. Each metaphor provides a unique interpretation of negotiation that should make the concept easier for a reader to understand. To further explain the metaphors, I have described my initial reaction to each metaphor and described what each has added to my understanding of what negotiation is. To further explain what my interpretation of negotiation is, I have provided an explanation of my own metaphor for negotiation as a tree.

In order to uphold his critical view on society and clearly define the concepts that could lead to human demise, Huxley used various powerful themes throughout his novel. The first significant theme to explore is science and its use as a means of control. 15 years after the book was written, in the Foreword he wrote in 1946, Huxley said that one of the themes of the novel was “the advancement of science as it affects human individuals.” Although he did not focus on sciences like nuclear physics even though he was aware of the production of nuclear weapons at the time, he believed that a far more dangerous misuse of science can come from the biological, physiological, reproductive, and psychological side of science as it can be used as a way of controlling society, identity, and stability. Thus, in order to successfully convey this message, he develops this idea in his representations of a world controlled by artificial birth and conditioning and by showing how by erasing individual identity and freedom one can achieve stability because there is no more conflict and no more change.

There is a natural temptation to assume that knowledge requires distinct capacities due to the fact that we, as humans, are thinkers and doers. When concluding on an issue, we often are guided by our knowledge of truths about the world. By contrast, when we act, we are guided by our knowledge of how to perform various actions. To say that knowledge is nothing but the systematic organization of facts would mean that whether the knowledge type is theoretical or practical, it will all be obtained the same way. Theoretical derives from the word theory, which is found

Knowledge is defined to be facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education. There are two categories that fall under knowledge; personal knowledge and shared knowledge. Shared knowledge refers to what “we know because.” It can also be defined as communicated and constructed knowledge; within culture, social norms, and semiotics. Personal knowledge refers to “I know because.” An expanded definition of personal knowledge refers to personal experiences, values, and perceptions. Shared knowledge changes and evolves over time because of methods that are continuously shared. It is assembled by a group of people. Personal knowledge, on the other hand, depends crucially on the experiences of a particular individual. It is gained

The knowledge system of a society can be divided into two bodies of knowledge, shared and personal knowledge. Shared knowledge is a knowledge that shared and group of individuals it is also continually being contributed creating new forms of knowledge. While personal knowledge is knowledge that someone gains through the own experiences and research. Now in the natural sciences a scientist can further their personal knowledge through shared knowledge in how they can learn and further improve their experiments by learning from those who have performed similar ones. Now there are other instances such as with history. When you use primary sources, you are using personal knowledge firsthand accounts of an event. Personal knowledge is then shared to provide collective knowledge demonstrating that through personal knowledge one can further shared knowledge and vice versa. This all leads to the question How does the interaction between shared and personal knowledge allow for human progress?

Shared knowledge and personal knowledge, although they may come from the same concept of acquiring them through a variety of situations, it differs on the process of gaining them. Thereupon, such approach is seen through human sciences and natural sciences. Human sciences portray shared knowledge through socio-psychological experiments and theories created from personal experiences and circumstances, as well as a set of collective norms and values that change depending on a group of society or culture. On the other hand, natural sciences are made up of theories, formulation of hypothesis and through experiments; which are obtained from paradigm shifts where it involves perception, reasoning, language, and memory. But how does shared knowledge and personal knowledge differ or are similar in both natural and human sciences?

Before Einstein, Scientists believed that light waves travelled through a medium called ether. Einstein proved that ether was irrelevant and that light doesn’t travel through a medium. Einstein proved this by figuring out that the speed of light was constant, and in order for ether to be the medium light waves travel through, the speed of light would change depending on the observer. This discovery was one piece of the Specific Theory of Relativity.