The Theory That Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder

ADHD is a very common neurodevelopment disorder of childhood. It is usually diagnosed in late childhood, around the age of seven by the teachers. The symptoms are typical during ages 3-6 and if not treated properly becomes chronic and persists even after entering adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, staying organized and controlling impulsive behaviors. It is very difficult to diagnose and when undiagnosed the children can grow to be mislabeled as trouble makers in their adulthood.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurological disorder and is mainly diagnosed in childhood, although it can carry on into adulthood. ADHD often occurs in more in males than females. A child with ADHD might daydream, forget or lose things, fidget, talk too much, and having trouble socializing. School can be very challenging for a child with ADHD. A child with ADHD may have trouble concentrating in school, have difficulties reading and writing, and have trouble making friends and socializing.

According to the research conducted by Dr. Laura A. King, the Frederick A. Middlebush Professor of Psychological Sciences at the University of Missouri, Columbia, “ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioral disorders of childhood, in which individuals show at least one of the following: impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention.”

ADHD, a neurological disorder, can affect the normal functioning of the brain and the nervous system in a person (Dodson)(Kinman). In the brain, the frontal cortex, also known as the frontal lobe, and the motor cortex are specific parts that can be affected by ADHD (Kinman). Normally, the frontal cortex develops a person’s personality and performs higher cognitive tasks such as planning (Frontal). It is also responsible for attention, reason, memory, and inhibition as well (Kinman). In addition, the frontal lobe is important in being able to speak fluently to others (Frontal). Because of ADHD, the frontal cortex is involved in cortical thinning. This area of the brain also matures slower in children with ADHD. There is a chance that some children

“Before 1970, the diagnosis of ADHD was relatively rare for school children and almost nonexistent for

As children we were used to jump around and ask a lot of question and be careless. Being hyper, curios, and talkative is part of the definition of the term childhood. Most children enjoy doing these activities, and about 15-20 years ago, it was very normal for a child to be hyperactive or talkative. However, nowadays, these behaviors may suggest a very serious condition. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a very usual childhood disorder, which can continue even through the adolescence and adulthood if left untreated. Symptoms of this disorder are very similar to what we defined as childhood behaviors but in a more obvious or harmful manner. Symptoms include lack of focus and attention, difficulty controlling behaviors, and hyperactivity. Children with ADHD can be defiant, socially inept, or aggressive. Also, adults with this condition have trouble getting organized, staying focused, and not thinking before acting. Moreover, They can be noisy, fidgety, and unable to adapt to any new situation. In this paper, I am going to discuss different types of ADHD, possible reasons for this condition, details about its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment methods, and possible flaws of this disorder.

Historically, there are records of disorders that are similar to ADHD as early as the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was known by a variety of names during the 20th century including: Encephalitis Lethargica, Minimal Brain Damage, Minimal Cerebral Palsy, Mild Retardation, Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Hyper-kinesis, Atypical Ego Development, and Attention Deficit Disorder, otherwise known as ADD (Rafalovich). The most commonly talked about starting point of the history of ADHD starts with lectures called the Goulstonian lectures, given by George Frederic Still in 1902. He observed children who were experiencing severe problems with sustained attention and self-regulation, who were often aggressive, defiant, and resistant to discipline, excessively emotional or passionate, who showed little inhibitory volition, and could not learn from the consequences of their actions

In the Article, ADHD in children, Valerie Strauss states ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder in children. ADHD is a commonly research topic, many teachers and parents Strauss defines ADHD as brain-based medical disorder that affects the behavior of people across age, gender, intelligence and socio-economic lines. Kids with ADHD may daydream a lot, talk too much, fidget, frequently forget and lose things, display impulsivity and risk-taking behavior and have trouble making transitions (ADHD in Children). Strauss also interviews Ned Hallowell, calling him a leading researcher on ADHD. Strauss lists Hallowell’s credentials, stating he is an adult and child psychiatrist, founder of Hallowell center for cognitive and emotional studies in Sudbury, Mass and he served as a faculty member of Harvard Medical school from 1983 to 2004. In his interview, Hallowell states parents need to know basic foundations about ADHD and furthermore discusses people who founded this country were indeed inflicted with ADHD, as these people were dreamers, visionaries and gave an example of a founding father, Edison, who was clearly afflicted with ADHD. He states to make sure that this ADHD is not a defeat disorder, but rather as a disorder in which changes the way a child thinks.

In the short term it can result in low confidence, frustration, anger, difficulty in making friends and difficulty in processing new information and low academic achievement.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, is defined as “a highly genetic, brain based syndrome that has to do with the regulation of a particular set of brain functions and related behaviors” (ADHD: The Facts). However, before the introduction of ADHD, there was literature of other similar symptoms like of it, but had been given different names and definitions. For instance, doctors had once said that children with encephalitis, inflammation of the brain, have symptoms that are identical to those of hyperactivity. In the beginning of the diagnosis of ADHD, they would consider factors, corresponding to the central nervous system abnormalities, such as epilepsy, neurological disorders, and “disorganized or chaotic home environments”

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (“ADHD”) is a common childhood disorder that represents developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. It occurs in 3% to 5% of the school age population as stated by (Craighead, Craighead, Kazdin & Mahoney, 1994). Another author (Barkley, 1981) stated that ADHD occurs in at least one child in every classroom. As a result of these statistics, ADHD has become one of the most commonly referred and heavily studied psychological disorders of childhood. Studies show that about 50-60% of children with ADHD in the age range of five to seven years are hostile and defiant. By the

I will be examining the characteristics of ADHD as a disorder in modern time and its association with how ADHD correlates with behavior of earlier humans, particularly in nomadic settings. ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopment Psychiatric disorder, in which impairs one’s attention, making one exhibit hyperactive behavior as well as exhibiting impatient behaviors. ADHD has been a long part of human history, with writer Sir Alexander Criton describing it as mental restlessness. However, it was only until 1902 when ADHD was clearly described by a writer known as George Still. ADHD was officially declared a mental disorder in 1980 when it was introduced into the DSM-III.

The first is the medicinal point of view that perspectives ADHD a physiology infection. The second point of view portrays ADHD as subject to the medicalization procedure that changes numerous behavioral issues into therapeutic issues. The third point of view depicts ADHD as a social issue emerging from changing elucidation of conduct instead of kids' physical capacities. The hidden suspicion of restorative model of a turmoil is that some perceived standard of conduct, one that is shown by most of the masses, is truant in a person. The nonattendance of the normal conduct is ascribed to an ailment or malady, which, once legitimately analyzed, can be dealt with to help achieve more sought conduct. Numerous analysts, therapists, doctors, and different clinicians, and additionally guardians, educators and individuals from the overall population, trust this model is suitable for ADHD. The possibility that mindlessness and hyperactivity in kids show a turmoil started close to the term twentieth century. The molded, the named hyperkinetic response of youth, was authoritatively perceived by the American Psychiatric Association in the second release of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in

ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, & Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children” (p. 38). In a

“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition affecting children and adults that is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity” (CHADD). “It is a neurobiological disorder that affect 3-7 percent of school age children and may be seen as before the age of 7. The current diagnostic label is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, however, in the past several other names have been used, such as brain-damaged, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinetic impulsive disorder, and attention deficit disorder (CHADD). ADHD is a controversial disorder. Some understand it to be a true disability, while others believe “good teaching and discipline at home resolve the problems” (Kauffman 2005).