Over many centuries, there has been a great deal of controversy over the ultimate fate of the universe. It began in the early 1900’s with Albert Einstein’s theory that General relativity could be used to inform us about the universe which would also inform us on how the universe would end. Russian Physicist, Alexander Friedman, was the first to believe that universe was expanding from initial singularity which is also known as the Big Bang. After Edwin Hubble stated his observation on the universe’s expansion in 1931, the end of the universe has been a subject that many scientist have investigated. In the late 1920’s before Edwin Hubble’s statement about his observation- to which after Einstein heard about the statement, Albert Einstein admitted that his cosmological constant was a stupid and careless mistake. George Lemaitre, Belgium astronomer and physics professor, voiced his theory which is famously known all around the world as the Big Bang Theory as the origin, or the beginning of the universe. The Big Bang Theory became the most highly acceptable theory of how the universe came to be thanks to the discovery by Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias in 1965.
Another important element that contributes to the fate of the universe is the Density Parameter, which is the average matter of density over the value of that density. That would then give you either one of the three geometries which are the flat, open and closed universe, and respectively. Cosmotologist determines that
Whitney, C. (2014, 3 17). Nasa Technology Views Birth of the Universe . Retrieved 8 15, 2015, from NASA:
The article ‘On the Recentness of What We Know,’ written by Verlyn Klinkenborg, is a pleasant read about the author’s fondness of astronomy and his insight regarding the science of it and knowledge gleaned from it. Klinkenborg recounts a few of his star-gazing memories and then proceeds to analyze the effects cosmological discoveries have on him personally and humanity in general. The author shares bits of theoretical history of the universe and information on the early astronomers whose hypotheses have developed that history. He goes on to reference various well known discoveries throughout the years and marvels at how drastically information in recent years has changed the stories of our universe.
There are a few ways universes can form. One is they can form from a black hole singularity. The most popular theory is that the big bang made the universe. An that a second after it formed millions of atoms were formed. As of right now there are 10^82nd atoms in the observable universe. A big bounce could be a universe expanding to a point where it can not expand anymore. After this it starts shrinking into a point infinitely small like a
Among these people were Copernicus who believed the sun was at the center of the world and the earth, stars and planets revolved around it. Danish astronomer Brahe helped contribute to this idea by contributing a large mass of data about the universe that he was able to discover. His student Kepler kept his ideas going, as he formulated many laws of planetary motion. He said the orbits around the sun were elliptical, planets don’t move in a uniform speed and the time a planet completes its orbit is related to its distance from the sun. Meanwhile, Florentine Galileo decided to use experiments to find out what happened and not what should happen, and discovered that a uniform force makes a uniform acceleration as well as inertia laws, that an object will be in motion forever unless stopped by another force.
Toward the latter part of the 17th century, a complete new view of the universe came into being. With the publication of Newton¡¯s ¡°Philosophiae Naturalis
The universe is a complex place to live in. There are simple objects such as rocks that consist of only one material, but there are also complicated living organisms like humans living amongst the simplicity. But, how did this all come to be 13.8 billion years ago? Historians and scientists have given different perspectives as to how the universe came to existence. However, as time went on, a new idea has been proposed called big history. Big history “attempts to reconstruct the history of the whole time, back to the very beginning of the universe” (Christian, Brown, Benjamin). Big history is all encompassing and involves perspectives from science and history. The big history narrative is divided into sections called thresholds. There are
"The universe might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and re-collapse, but it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding" -scientist from NASA
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who revolutionized cosmology and was regarded as one of the most significant observers in the field. While working at Mount Wilson, Hubble discovered that there were more existing galaxies besides the Milky Way Galaxy. Hubble took many photos through the observatory's telescope, and it allowed him to calculate the distance of other galaxies by comparing the varying degrees of luminosity in the stars themselves. Although there was no evidence suggesting the size of the other galaxies that Hubble discovered, he was ultimately able to compute that the Andromeda Nebula was about one million light years away from us. Later in his career Hubble began to explore the way galaxies shifted in space relative to
The beginning of everything, the big bang, the idea that the universe was suddenly born and is not infinite. Up to the middle of the 20th century most scientist thought the universe as infinite and ageless, until Einstein’s theory of relativity gave us a better understanding of gravity and Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving apart from one another in a way that fits previous predictions. In 1964 by accident cosmic background radiation was discovered in relic of the early universe, which together with other observational evidence made the big bang the accepted theory in science. Since then improved technology in science like the Hubble telescope has given us a pretty good picture of the big bang and the structure of the cosmos. Recent
Fourteen billion years ago, there was nothing. Suddenly matter began expanding. As the point that contained all the matter and energy in the Universe expanded, it began cooling off. This theory is called the Big Bang Theory.
George Lemaitre discovered that the universe was constantly expanding. Then Lemaitre explained that the universe started with a ‘single quantum’ what is now known as the Big Bang theory. Lemaitre discovered that a line exists between a galaxy and it’s redshift, the further away a galaxy is, the greater its light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum which means there would be a lower frequency. Lemaitre thought that a galaxy’s light is stretched in frequency by the expansion of space itself, the longer the light’s journey, the more the universe has expanded.
Who is Georges Lemaitre? Georges was a cosmologist who was born on July 27 1894. Georges was the person to establish the early foundation of cosmology. He went to a Jesuit school when he was young. His mother was Marguerite and his father was Joseph Lemaitre. He was the one who found that the universe is constantly expanding.
Stephen Hawking, a physicist cosmologist, and dreamer, main goal has always been to find out how the universe works and to determine why it exists at all (Hawking). To accomplish this goal, he creates a theory that explains the origin of the universe and the steps leading to the formation of the elements. The universe is about 14 billion years old and consists of many clusters that has approximately 400 billion stars. In fact, the Earth and everything around us are made by stars (Hawking). The Big Bang Theory is used to tell how the universe and earth was created. The universe started with a small-hot ball of energy, it went from a small atom to expanding across space within seconds. As the universe began to cool, it eventually began to create
In 1783, an amateur astronomer named John Michell theorized that if an object had a radius that was five hundred times larger than the sun, but with the approximate average density of the sun, the velocity that would be required to escape the object’s gravitational pull would be faster than the speed of light (Temming). Simon Pierre Laplace, a French astronomer and mathematician, came to a similar conclusion a few years later (Temming). However, their findings were largely discredited since Michell believed that light particles had mass, when in fact, light has a wave nature, proven by Thomas Young’s double slit experiment in 1803 (Temming). Michell and Laplace’s discoveries were found to have a kernel of validity however, when in 1915,
The Big Bang theory was introduced by Georges Lemaître a Belgian Catholic Priest in 1927. Lemaître expanded upon previous universe knowledge by concluding The Big Bang from research in the Hubble Law. The basis of the Big Bang is deriving from the redshifting of distant stars and galaxies. Redshifting is the change of light which shows the chemical makeup, movement, and distance the particular star or galaxy is from us. Using this knowledge Lemaître was able to conclude that the universe is expanding and other galaxies are shifting away from each other. All the way up until the 18th century it was debated if the universe was infinite or finite. This was put to rest when Hubble was able to view the universe more precisely than others of his time.