The Threat Of Terrorism And Terrorism

The terrorist attacks of September 11th caused many changes in our country. Although there were many after effects of the September 11th attacks, the airline industry was most impaired. This paper will explain two factors related to the airline industry that were most affected, the American people and the economy.

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 shook the United States in a profound way, deeply upsetting the national perception of safety within U.S. borders. No industry or sector of the economy felt the impacts of these events more than the airline industry. Both the immediate reaction to the attacks and the long-term repercussions have negatively affected the industry. Today’s airline industry is much different than it was prior to September 11. There is a much smaller work force, more low-cost carriers, more security and more fees associated with flying.

Terrorism, a word most people fear, but so often misinterpret. The textbook definition of terrorism is “the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims”. But how does that compare to domestic terrorism? Domestic terrorism or “homegrown terrorism” can be defined as “the committing of terrorist acts in the perpetrator’s own country against their fellow citizens”. Throughout the years, America as a nation has experienced quite a few occurrences of both types. An early example of homegrown terrorism would be the Haymarket Affair which occurred May 4, 1886 where in Chicago’s Haymarket Square, labor protesters detonated a bomb during a rally. Chicago police then responded by firing

When the Twin Towers in New York came crashing down there was a dramatic effect in the United States from that day on. Airline security increased dramatically after 9/11. Before 9/11 any one could get a plane ticket to fly anywhere in the world. “At that time there were no real regulations with regards to employee or passenger background checks”. (Taylor, Alycia). Prior to 9/11 there was not near the tension about flying as there is today. New Regulations have been set in place since 9/11. "criminal background checks on 750,000 airport employees, the presence of more law enforcement, the screening of all checked baggage with whatever means available, including X-ray machines and hand inspections, the placement of more air marshals on flights, and more passengers will be pre-screened, with more cross-checking with FBI and other watch lists for suspicious passengers". (Taylor, Alycia). These short term effects happened rather quickly after the

Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism. A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act ""dangerous to human life"" that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Additionally, the acts have to occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, may be regarded as international terrorism.

Let us not deceive ourselves; we must elect world peace or world destruction. ˜Bernard Baruch

The 9/11terrorist attacks seriously affected air travel and led to the demise of many airlines. Scores of airline industry workers still need to regain what they lost in both wages and benefits, and are hopeful of an industry turnaround this year (USA Today, 2009).

The September 11th attacks severely wounded the economy: the Dow Jones index dropped 10.57% the week after the attacks. However, as Dr. Marrie-Ann Cam notes in her paper The Impact of Terrorism on United States Industries, many interests continued to fall in value, a domino effect which triggered price movements between investments. For example, businesses with offices in the World Trade Center Towers that fell were hit very hard by the attacks, and investors put pressure on those companies to deliver compensation for some of the higher-risk investments. In fear of losing money, many individuals shifted their portfolios to less-risky assets, raising their price dramatically. This unintentional market manipulation by the public took place in the course of months after the attack. Additionally, certain sectors of industry are regarded as more affected by terrorism than others. For example, in the Bali, London and Madrid bombings, terrorists used transportation utilities to carry out their attacks, which ended up pushing the transportation industry over the high-risk line. An anomaly against the downward trend of the economy following the September 11th attacks was the defense sector: the quasi-war declared by the United States helped many in the defense industry score government contracts. A general trend was observed by researchers McDonald and Kendall in 1994 pointed to

Post 9/11 - Scholarly research of terrorism spiked following the events of September 11, 2001 but research on terrorism has steadily declined since 2006, as illustrated in Figure 4. Furthermore, a 2002 business continuity planning survey designed after the terrorist attacks of 9/11 revealed that two-thirds of the firms surveyed did not view malicious activity, such as terrorism, as a threat to business (Cerullo & Cerullo, 2004). The development of a business continuity plan has proven to mitigate the impact of a disaster such as a terrorist attack (Cerullo & Cerullo, 2004). However, a post 9/11 survey designed by Ernst and Young revealed that only 53% of the firms surveyed had a business continuity plan (Cerullo & Cerullo, 2004) to deal with terrorism type disasters. Similarly, a 2016 business survey from Clements Worldwide (2016), a leading global insurance provider founded in 1947, uncovered only 16% of the respondents said they were as prepared as they could be to deal with terrorism.

Sadly, terrorist attacks have become more common in our modern, industrialized world than any other time in history. Over the past few years, there has been a concentration of these savage events in major Western European countries such as, but not limited to, Great Britain, France, and Belgium. Powerful terrorist organizations, like ISIS, have used these highly developed nations as backdrops to inflict havoc on innocent tourists and civilians. Once a symbol of peace and prosperity, Western Europe is currently enveloped in a state of turmoil where people everywhere are fearful for their safety, the military and law enforcement officers are on high alert every second of the day, and the notion of personal freedoms and civility seems to be a distant memory. While some industry insiders and travel enthusiasts claim that travel to Western European countries is stable or improving, the dangerous circumstances that have arisen because of the onslaught brought on by terrorism have instead hurt the perception of Western Europe in many ways, leading to the potential downturn of travel to this region of the world.

Terrorist attacks similar to the one experienced in 2001 have left a number of Americans concerned over the likelihood of future terrorist attacks and their potential impacts, as well. Such attacks have increased the level of uncertainty regarding what may happen, which only serves to heighten anxiety and stress levels. Weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), which include chemical, biological, and radiological weapons, have increased the likelihood of incidents of terrorism in America (Friedmann, & Cannon, 2009, p. 9). The possibility of terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda employing WMDs against Americans is very real. A WMD may be defined as a weapon that has the capacity to cause grievous harm and/or destruction and death on a grand scale

Have you ever had a fear for your family, your town, your country, or your world. How about the fear to have everything taken from you, destroyed, and not caring if it has hurt you or not? What about your fear and pain is, and can be someone else’s happiness? The fear of you being terrorized? That is terrorism. Someone else bringing fear and terrorizing you. That is a terrorist’s goal. Terrorism is common and is very difficult to stop. The government promises protection for the people, and their home, but they can not give that protection if they can not stop terrorism. Terrorism needs to stop to protect the live of the people, and their country.

The airline industry is interpreted as being very unstable due to the immediate reaction to tragedies. The airline industry was affected following the September 11th tragedy and it affected other industries indirectly. The airline industry plays a key role in

Thesis: Since the attack that started September 11, 2001, the War on Terrorism has added a sense of fear into American’s daily lives.

As the world evolves new threats appear and some stand by what they believe in. These beliefs cause harm to other people. An example this would be, big military forces trying to prove a point by killing innocent civilian lives. This is where the Counter Terrorism forces comes into play. Such as the United States Seal team six, United kingdom S.A.S and Kopassus - Gultor 81. They seek out those who do wrong and bring them to justice. The only problem is that they need to have a stronger force to be able to do their job more effectively and perform well in urban areas. By having a larger force, Many countries can work together in helping the innocent lives of people by getting information of these terror acts. Most recently in Brussel