The Time Constant Of A First Order System

As the voltage slider moves to the right, the current flows counter-clockwise going towards the right. The speed of the current increases as the voltage increases.

Frequency of the signal measures the number of cycle of the signal repeated in unit time.

The objective of this lab was to observe the behavior of a capacitor while charging through a resistor. Overall, the objective of the lab was achieved since an exponential curve was obtained from a charging capacitor.

In order to optimize the power delivered to the load to increase the efficiency of the secondary circuit, Rs must be diminished to as low of a value as possible. Likewise, in order to optimize the amount of power being delivered to the secondary circuit through coupling, the primary circuit must increase the amount of power from the source, as well as decrease the resistance in the primary coil itself. The quality factor of the secondary coil is inversely related to the secondary resistance, Rs. The system described is shown in Figure

27. The following equation describes a 2nd order system: . The system may be described as:

where V_c (t) is the voltage across the capacitor as a function of time and V_b is the input voltage. We then linearize the data by manipulating the

A differential equation for the equivalent circuit can be derived by using Kirchoff's voltage law around the electrical loop. Kirchoff's voltage law states that the sum of all voltages around a loop must equal zero, or

Introduction: Voltage can be thought of as the pressure pushing charges along a conductor, while the electrical resistance of a conductor is a measure of how difficult it is to push the charges along. Using the flow analogy, electrical resistance is similar to friction. For water flowing through a pipe, a long narrow pipe provides more resistance to the flow than does a short fat pipe. The same applies for flowing currents: long thin wires provide more resistance than do short thick wires. The resistance (R) of a material depends on its length, cross-sectional area, and the resistivity (the Greek letter rho), a number that depends on the material. The resistivity

2. Try increasing the resistivity of the resistor, ρ. How does this change the “look” of the resistor? Describe how that relates to the formula you just wrote (direct, indirect relationships, etc.). What happens to the value of “R” (Resistance)? Is this something that can be changed in a resistor that you would buy in a store to use in a circuit?

Boylestad, Robert L. Introductory Circuit Analysis, VitalSource for DeVry University, 12th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 11/2012. VitalBook file.

Looking further into batteries(most batteries) during the discharge of electricity, the chemical on the anode releases electrons to the negative terminal and ions into the electrolyte in a process called oxidation. The positive terminal accepts these electrons and thus completes the circuit making the flow of electrons. Between electrolyte solutions the ions move through the salt bridge to maintain electrical

Frequency and duration can also affect the nerve’s tendency to generate CAP’s. Frequency can affect it because if there is the right amount of time between them, their effects can be added and trigger a CAP. Durations can affect it because even a weak stimulus can potentially trigger a CAP if kept up long enough.

A capacitor is an electrical device that is able to store mass amounts of electricity, much like a battery. However unlike a battery a capacitor can only store this electricity temporarily in an electric field. The size of this field is determined by the surface area between the conductors (metal

The threshold frequency varies with each metal. When the sodium plate was exposed to high frequency light, electrons were emitted and were attracted to the positive terminal, causing a flow of current. However, when a low frequency light was used no electrons were emitted and therefore there was no current. Observations of the Photoelectric Effect 1. Current flows as soon as the negative terminal is illuminated.

The outer shell of electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom is called the valance shell. This is what makes a copper atom conduct. For a copper atom the number of electrons is one. When a charge of electricity is placed in the end of a wire the electrons move into the wire. Since there is only one electron in the valance shell of a copper atom it can be easily dislodged with a small amount of energy causing it to jump to the next atom. This will then cause the valance electron of that atom to jump to the next atom and so forth. This movement happens very fast making it possible for a large number of electrons to move through the wire. An example of a conductive atom is shown figure 1.